'^^.'h, 


'^.*> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


m  _ 

|50      ""■== 

m 


M   llll|y 

M 

2.0 


1^ 


1.8 


U    III  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


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c\ 


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<>.  <i 


<?^., 


O^ 


•tj' 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


1 


:<"  c^ 


:& 


Q 


'w 


(/j 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  lnsti:cute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notas  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0 


D 


D 
D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6X6  filmAes. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfiimd  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Lea  ddtai's 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quaiiti  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  .iiat6riel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

I — '  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~|  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I  Only  edition  available/ 


0 


Pages  wholly  or  partiall/  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuill4t  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  cidessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


y 


12X 


16>: 


20X 


26X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


n 


32X 


The  cop/  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


L'eisemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grAce  d  la 
g4n4rosit6  de: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  iceaping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  ast  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  I'exempiaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couvarture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  filmds  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  emprainte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  is  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  <— ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  if  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

B 


iiQf  i 


^li 


'  ■  II  rtmrmm 


h*' 


ALASKA. 

Lafid  of.  the.  Nugget  W{iy? 


,"       '' 


5'' 


^^*^^«i  ^^n^^nation  of  Geological  ari^ 

other  Testimp^,  i^owirtg  hbw  and 

why  Gold  Wiiis  iepoaited  In 

^iap  Lands. 


VWttd  Off  o^A.'ilw»iiB^IU,. 


^\ 


V,      V'?'' 


1^ 


isfl 


MUM 


'~-  ' 


f^i 


THE  LIBRARY 


>■■'  I" 

glypttij 
from 

StlfttCI 

hegini 

wond* 
cials 
pre  tat 

It 
testii 


THH  UNIVERSITY  OF 
BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

GIFT 
E,   Leonard  Boultbee 


m^'? 


let  yet  foutid  in 
md  ptljeir  htero- 
>f  canopy  vapors-}. 
this  tablet,  wth 
try  paid-^iip  sub- ^ 
$l.o6  per  year]F^: 
f  25  cents.    This 
jgists.     Thedffi- 
key  to  its  inter- 

*  •        *,■     . 
>se,  a  thousand 


(tc."     ^; 

:  Dawson,  Sh. 


.^v 


serve.'' 


s  credit  the^y  de- 


••  I  have  read  yottr  Ithoughts  with  the  keenest  relish.    They  are 
ahead  of  anything  else  I  have  seen."  Rev.  D,  Evans.     - 

,^     Box  ijgt  Iowa  City,  towa. :  i"     ,         '     ,,  ■      '     ■i'.krli',;. 

••I  can  now  at  the  age  of  82,  see  light  through  the  rift  in  the  clbw^/* 
hi^h^itig  over  the  dei^ge,"  E.  P.  Ingkrsou,.  - 


"Your  views  have  giveu  me  uiore  light  on  Genesis  ««<' cf ««JjonJhfin 
all  else  le*er  read,"-  ^.W^O<iJ>«K. 

Proip€rity,W.Vk.  ?  "-'^ 

"I've  been  «u  M.  E.  minister  for  30  yews.    In  all  m^  search  I  havei 
iften  nothing  that  pleases  me  so  much  as  your  thoughte.'        „  „  r» 
jotUhHne,^.  REV.  J.  N»  Parr,  at.  P., 

"And  abovte  all  the  mn4  Divine  is  not  lost  sight  of."  ^'.j^. .    '  wl 

"I  believe  you  igre  bringing  a  great  truth  ^o  the  kn^wM«f  o/the 
work).*^  '       kSinPMAN. 

iAUidHa,t>kio.  •'   .^■;  ' 

•'Your  ideas  must  lead  up  to  a  «)rr^ci!  Mir<>&?*:y.',* 


t- 


Address  all  orders  to  I.  N.  VAlt. 

Editor  Annular  Worl4t 

Pasadbna,  CAt. 


t  foutid  in 
:l|eir  hiero- 
)py  vapors 
iblet,  'witb 
«d-up  sni- 
per year) ^ 
ints.    This 
.    TbeOffi- 
oiu  inter- 


//o  /// 


O' 


KA. 


The  Land  of  the  Nugget.     Why  ? 


■■■% 

■'TO 


thousand 


:dOW 


VSON,  Sk. 
dit  they  de- 

They  arc 
3,  Evans. 


n  the  clottda 
KJiBRSpU.- 

:reatloh  tbfin 
'.  0<JpKW. , 

earch  I  have* 
RR,  M.D. 

WltUAMA. 

pledge  of  the 

SHIPMAN. 


D.  WHltK. 
'orld, 

>KNA,  CAt. 


S  THEORIES  rise  and  fall,  the  world  grows  wise, 
and  he  who  learns  as  a  philosopher  learns,  learns  to 
^01  unlearn  and  prizes  the  opportunity  to  "let  go"  as 
theories  begin  to  sink  in  the  great  ocean  of  error.  I  be- 
lieve there  is  a  road  that  "leads  to  all  truth."  The  time 
may  come  when  men  travelling  that  road  can  mount  the 
stepping  stones  that  lead  up  to  Truth's  grand  Citadel. 
We  have  seen  theories  come  and  go,  as  mere  ephemeral 
upheavals  in  the  sea  of  time,  and  I  here  present  another. 
This  of  course  is  planted  on  time's  eternal  sills — a  thing 
not  born  to  die,  and  in  the  day  its  overshadowing  branch- 
es fill  mankind's  sky  there  may  be  "no  darkness  at  all." 

I  wish  to  use  the  world  vide  interest  now  taken  in  the 
North-world  gold  problem  to  disseminate  a  few  original 
thoughts  among  thinking  men,  as  well  as  among  those 
who  will  heedlessly  rush  into  the  perils  to  be  encountered 
in  the  nugget  lands  of  the  Arctic  World.  I  ask  the  read- 
er to  follow  carefully  and  patiently  the  line  of  argument 
I  am  about  to  pursue,  and  which  I  have  been  presenting 
on  all  suitable  occasions  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  At  the  end  of  this  treatise  on  Alaskan  gold, 
the  reader  will  find  some  verbal  quotations  from  my  pub- 
lished writings,  which  will  convince  him  that  this  theory 


.  I  have  a  /ac  simile  itnpiession  of  the  ouly  stone  tablet  yetfoutid  in 
a  "cliff  dwelling/'  On  it  is  the  aneieiit  serpent  symbol  «a&  pther  hiero- 
glyphs; ahowinK  prwoly,  as  I  thiqit,  ike  progression  of  canopy  vapors 
from  the  eguato^td  ike  poles..  An -enlarged  picture  of  this  tablet,  with 
a  foil  explanation  of  its  meat^g,  will  be  ami  free  to  every  paid-pp  snb- 
■'ntacribe^  of  the  ANNimAH  Wobi,d  (24ipage  monthly,  |i.op  per  year) 
beginning  With  Vplvtv.,  i8^,  and  to  others  on  receipt  of  25  centa.  This 
wonderful  tablet  has, pMtilefJ  the  tpost  learned  archaeologists.  Thedffi- 
cials  of  the  Smithsonian  institution  declan^  that<*'no  key  to  its  inter- 
pietotion  had  bein  found. 'V  I  think  I  have  th^t  *0'. 

III  the  last  ten  years  I  have  iweivedi  I  suppose,  a  thousand 

tesUmptaials  like  the  fbllowinig:  *  w' . 

"YotxrAunularTheory  is  very  satisfaCjSbpTy  tome,  ^tc."     ^      , 
i>  Pfeop.  Richard  Ow«N. 

"There  is  doubtless  much  truth  in  what ypu  say.  etc."  ^ 

Pftoif.Wii.  Dawson,  Sk.     , 

"I  hbpe  men  of  science  will  give  your  claims  the  credit  they  de- 
Vgerve."  Frbs.  Wm.  F.  WarAbn. 

"I  have  read  yohr  thoughts  with  the  keenest  relish.    They  are 
ahead  pf; anything  else  I  have  secn,^';  .      RKV*  D.  Evans. 

"I  can  now  at  the  age  of  Sg,  s^  iight  thtsopgh  the  rift  in  the  clouds 
Mhgitig  over  tbe  delu^."        '  .^  ^  P.,lH;^B^fcL. 

Springfield,  JtbH.  '  ■       .  :^>,   . ';{  '  ';'^-.     ■:  t%  ."\  '  ■'    ■'  ' 

"Your  views  faave  given  me  more  light  on  Oenesis  and  creation  than 
all  else  rever' read,"-     '  .'■ ;/     ■  :  , 'UyV-n.  '  .vlliW,  0<iPKN.;  ^ 

••I've  been  an  M.  E.  minister  for  30  years,    In  all  mv  search  I  have^ 
seen  nothing  that  pleases  me  so  much  as  your  tfcoOghta.'.       ^^ 

"And  above  all  the //itwrf />»!/»■«#  is  not  lost,  aight  of.'' 

SanDUgo.a^l.  ^  ,  (  gAiWR  WitUAMft. 

"I  believe  vou  aire  bringing  a  great  truth  to  the  knowledge  of  the 
world."  '  **    •  H.>^^SinPMAN. 


H 


"Your  ideas  must  lead  up  to  a  correct  theology.'' 


:D.WHMfjb.>ij 


Addreis  nil  others  to  I.  i».  VAlt,  ^'  v  ^ 

JiAitor  Annular  Worlds     \     ' 
w  Pasasbna,  CAt. 


.//o  /// 


or 


ou 


^■6 


-^    ^-^.  - 


fbubd  in" 

^f  hlero- 

< 

y  vapors 
let,  with 

>ej-  yeary 

Its.    This 

ttedffi- 

its  inter- 


ihousaqd 


KA. 


The  Land  of  the  Nugget.     Why  ? 


I  ■fb 

To 


»  OW«N. 


it  they  de- 

,  They  arc 
Evans. 


the  clouds 

eatioti  than 
OOPKN. 

M-qh  I  have^ 
edge  of  the 

iinPMAN. 


.  White. 
rid. 

tNA,  CAt. 


"^S  THEORIES  rise  and  fall,  the  world  grows  wise, 
^j  and  he  who  learns  as  a  philosopher  learns,  learns  to 
1^11  unlearn  and  prizes  the  opportunity  to  "let  go"  as 
theories  begin  to  sink  in  the  great  ocean  of  error.  I  be- 
lieve there  is  a  road  that  "leads  to  all  truth."  The  time 
may  come  when  men  travelling  that  road  can  mount  the 
stepping  stones  that  lead  up  to  Truth's  grand  Citadel. 
We  have  seen  theories  come  and  go,  as  mere  ephemeral 
upheavals  in  the  sea  of  time,  and  I  here  present  another. 
This  of  course  is  planted  on  time's  eternal  sills — a  thing 
not  born  to  die,  and  in  the  day  its  overshadowing  branch- 
es fill  mankind's  sky  there  may  be  "no  darkness  at  all." 
I  wish  to  use  the  world-wide  interest  now  taken  in  the 
North-world  gold  problem  to  disseminate  a  few  original 
thoughts  among  thinking  men,  as  well  as  among  thos«: 
who  will  heedlessly  rush  into  the  perils  to  be  encountered 
in  the  nugget  lands  of  the  Arctic  World.  I  ask  the  read- 
er to  follow  carefully  and  patiently  the  line  of  argument 
I  am  about  to  pursue,  and  which  I  have  been  presenting 
on  all  suitable  occasions  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  At  the  end  of  this  treatise  on  Alaskan  gold, 
the  reader  will  find  some  verbal  quotations  from  my  pub- 
lished writings,  which  will  convince  him  that  this  theory 


ALASKA. 


of  world-making  and  gold-planting  here  presented,  is  not 
now  given  for  the  first  time,  and  that  the  discovery  of 
rich  gold  fields  in  the  frozen  North  did  not  give  it  birth. 
It  is  no  ex  post  factor  production.  Its  birth  dates  back 
into  the  sixties  when  the  writer  as  a  young  man  lectured 
on  this  theme,  and  there  are  many  of  his  pupils  who  will 
gladly  testify  that  the  Annular  Theory  was  their  teach- 
er's "hobby"  then. 

The  idea  presented  in  brief,  is,  that  this  planet  of  ours 
once  had  a  system  of  rings,  as  the  planet  Saturn  has 
now.  I  have  called  it  the  Annular  Theory  from  the  Lat- 
in word  annulus  a  ring.  It  first  suggested  itself  to  my 
mind  as  I  sought  a  philosophical  explanation  of  the  No- 
achian  deluge,  and  several  years  after  its  conception,  I 
published  in  pamphlet  form  (20  pages)  ''The  Earth's 
Aqueous  Ringy  or  '^''The  Deluge  and  Its  Cause,''  proving 
from  the  very  nat'^re  of  the  flood-narrative  that  all  the 
world-deluges  the  earth  ever  saw  must  have  come  from 
the  earth's  Annular  system.  In  this  same  volume  it  was 
specifically  claimed  that  the  entire  ocean  came  as  annular 
installments  from  supra  aerial  vapors  via  the  polar  re- 
gions, which  vapors  were  the  source  and  cause  of  all  the 
Glacial  Epochs  the  earth  ever  had  and  were  laden  with 
mineral  and  metallic  matter.  This  book  was  published 
in  the  year  1874  and  I  have  copies  left  as  witnesses  of  the 
fact. 

In  the  present  effort  I  will  try  first  to  convince  my 
readers  that  the  earth  once  had  an  annular  system. 
This  I  will  have  to  do  by  following  a  line  of  strictly  phil- 
osophic inquiry  into  the  various  stages  of  world-growth 
as  affirmed  by  the  past  and  present  conditions  of  the 
globe.  Then  I  will  attempt  to  show  what  elements  com- 
posed the  earth  rings;  and  that  gold  was  necessarily  one 
of  those  elements.  Finally  I  will  present  the  proofs  that 
in  the  inevitable  and  progressive  collapse  of  these  rings 


II 


ii 


I 


Mi 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


3 


the  polar  regions  of  a  planet  must  receive  by  far  the 
greatest  part  of  the  matter  composing  them,  and  that  be- 
cause gold  was  no  insignificant  part  of  those  rings,  the 
polar  lands  must  be  the  richest  gold  regions  of  the  earth. 

The  present  physical  conditions  of  the  earth,  as  I  un- 
derstand them,  are  not  accidental  in  any  sense.  As  the 
lily  and  the  rose  have  a  beginning  and  a  subsequent  ca- 
reer responsible  to  conditions  inexorable  and  despotic,  so 
a  world  starts  on  its  eternal  round  under  the  ministration 
of  law,  and  the  most  subtle  variations  in  the  results  of 
the  primal  impress  of  potencies  can  be  but  responses 
linked  in  everlasting  union.  This  being  the  case,  in  or- 
der to  follow  up  the  grand  progression  of  conditions  in 
world  evolution,  as  planned  by  the  Infinite  Mind,  it  is 
preeminently  essential  that  we  should  know  what  the  pri- 
mal conditions  of  the  earth  were.  Then  knowing  these 
conditions  and  knowing  the  law  regulating  them,  we  can 
at  least  hope  to  erect  a  theory  that  will  not  fall — a  glory 
that  cannot  die.  Until  we  can  plant  our  feet  on  this  rock 
we  must  admit  that  we  are  floating  at  sea. 

In  this  age  of  tirelees  research  we  have  come  to  know 
very  positively  what  some  of  the  primal  conditions  of  the 
earth  were.  The  one  all  potent  condition — the  condition 
from  which  utter  necessity  has  passed  a  grand  array  of 
overflowing  and  over-towering  consequences  down  to  our 
day  is  what  is  known  among  all  intelligent  men  as  the 

MOLTEN  STATE  OF   THE   PRIMITIVE   EARTH. 

At  this  our  starting  point  let  us  be  sure  that  we  are 
right  and  I  ask  the  reader  to  see  that  the  writer  does  not 
slip  from  this  rock.  It  is  well  known  by  geologists 
whose  eagle  eyes  have  pierced  the.  earth  to  its  granite 
sills,  that  its  oldest  sedimentary  beds  now  rest  on  what  was 
once  an  igneous  mass.  The  sedimentary  formations  are 
of  great  thickness,  estimated  variously  at  from  ten  to  forty 


ALASKA. 


miles,  or  even  more,  and  such  is  the  testimony  of  the  low- 
ermost beds  that  I  suppose  the  geological  world,  with  no 
important  exception,  stands  solidly  in  support  of  the  prop- 
osition that  the  earth  was  once  an  igneous  liquid  mass. 

But  we  can  bring  other  witnesses  to  testify  in  thi" 
case.  It  must  be  conceded  that  all  worlds  in  all  essentials 
are  made  alike.  This  is  what  countless  millions  of  stars 
and  suns  afl5rm.  Every  sphere  that  scintillates  in  the 
empyrean  must  be  a  molten  globe.  The  spectroscope  af- 
firms the  proposition  and  tells  us  across  the  mighty  void 
of  space  that  all  worlds  begin  their  career  alike — swaddled 
in  garments  of  flame  as  our  sun  is  swaddled  now ;  rocked 
in  its  cradle  of  fire  inveterate,  as  every  other  sun  is  rocked 
today.  Thus  our  earth  was  once  a  glittering  star,  so 
surely  as  law  is  law.  But  the  chief  witness  we  have  close 
at  hand,  whose  testimony  nothing  can  impeach,  is  the 
great  ocean  of  water  that  rolls  around  the  earth.  We 
know  that  every  drop  of  it  was  formed  v\  fire.  If  I 
plunge  a  cold  steel  rod  for  an  instant  in  the  hottest  fur- 
nace, I  find  it  covered  with  little  globules  of  water,  and 
thus  we  learn  that  water  is  being  formed  in  the  most  fer- 
vent fires.  That  is  what  every  fire  on  earth  is  doing 
today.  Every  furnace  and  volcano  is  pouring  its  tribute 
of  water  into  the  air. 

I  stand  on  the  ocean's  shore.  The  truest,  strongest 
and  most  daring  and  dauntless  witness  of  earth  testifies 
before  me.  If  every  drop  of  these  mighty  waters  was 
born  in  flame,  what  was  the  immeasurable  and  titanic 
might  of  the  earth's  primal  furnace  from  which  these 
waters  came?  Now  the  chemist  wants  no  other  proof 
than  the  deposition  of  oceans  that  the  world  was  once  a 
molten  sphere.  Then  as  oceans  affirm  an  igneous  or  sun 
state  of  worlds,  so  a  sun  state  or  molten  condition  of 
worlds,  on  the  other  hand,  affirms  the  birth  of  oceans. 
The  man  of  sense  then  looks  out  upon  God's  empire  of 


1 


It 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


11 


II 


inveterate  fires  and  knows  what  is  going  on  all  over  the 
universe.  He  knows  that  oceans  are  being  born  and  sent 
to  the  skies  from  every  flaming  star  and  sun.  Then  he 
concludes  that  this  is  not  all  that  these  world-furnaces  are 
doing,  for  the  spectroscope  at  his  side  affirms  that,  associ- 
ated with  ocean  vapors,  mineral  and  metallic  vapori  i\de 
on  steeds  of  flame. 

I  turn  back  to  earth  in  its  childhood  and  knowing  an 
ocean  roi.o  around  it  today  and  knowing,  too,  that  its 
primal  history  is  fire-impressed  upon  its  bosom,  I  see  it 
with  every  drop  of  these  waters  soaring  as  a  vapor  can- 
opy on  high — winged  in  perpetual  flight  about  a  hot  and 
seething  globe.  I  look  down  the  ages  and  see  these  va- 
pors have  fallen  back  to  mother  earth.  I  see  the  earth 
abloom — a  scene  of  activity  and  life,  and  the  chemist  tells 
me  that  every  leaf  and  blade  that  flutters  in  the  breeze, 
every  tree  that  towers  above,  every  animal  that  lives,  does 
so  because  in  an  age  gone  by  the  molten  earth  gave  birth 
to  interchanging  and  undying  energies.  The  very  mount- 
ains rise  and  look  down  upon  the  plain  because  the  earth 
was  once  a  star. 

I  take  up  a  glass  of  ocean  water  and  subject  it  to  a 
strict  and  honest  analysis.  I  find  in  it  a  trace  of  gold 
but  enough  of  it  to  show  that  vast  millions  of  it  are 
locked  up  in  the  oceanic  waters.  How  did  it  get  there? 
plainly  it  was  associated  with  the  steaming  vapors  as  they 
arose  from  the  molten  earth.  In  predicating  then,  that 
present  world-energies  and  present  world-conditions  are 
but  the  echoes  awakened  in  the  fires  of  the  molten  earth, 
one  also  predicates  that  the  distribution  of  the  gold  and 
other  metals  and  minerals  now  found  on  and  in  the  earth 
crust  is  a  direct  resultant  of  that  former  state  of  the  earth. 
In  other  words  if  the  earth  had  never  been  an  igneous 
spere,  the  iron,  lead,  copper,  silver  and  gold  now  found 
in  the  North-world  would  not  be  there.     If  the  earth's 


ALASKA. 


primal  fires  had  not  been  kindled  the  oceans  had  not  been 
made;  rivers  would  not  flow;  clouds  would  not  form; 
rains  would  not  fall;  plants  would  not  grow;  man,  as  he 
is,  would  not  have  been,  and  earth  would  be  a  mighty 
desolation.  Without  a  molten  age  there  could  not  have 
been  a  Cambrian  age.  The  Silurian,  Devonion  and  Carbon- 
iferous ages  whose  aqueous  formations  incase  the  world 
with  all  their  wondrous  hoard  of  wealth,  would  not, 
could  not  have  been  as  we  see  them  today. 

Water  is  a  fire -formed  compound,  and  without  the 
fire-born  oceans  what  would  our  world  be  like?  Air  is  a 
fire-mad(  product  of  the  molten  earth  and  what  would  this 
planet  be  without  air?  Fuel  is  a  fire-made  product  of  the 
molten  age  and  without  it  earth  would  be  a  dead  waste. 
When  we  look  from  the  physical  to  the  metaphysical 
world  it  does  not  take  the  thinker  long  to  see  that  our 
thinking  and  our  thoughts  are  linked  to  the  energies  as 
caused  by  an  igneous  activity  in  an  age  gone  by.  It 
seems  as  though  the  Infinite  Mind  has  so  interwoven  all 
things  in  the  macro-cosmos  with  primitive  igneous  ener- 
gies that  the  philosopher  is  forced  to  look  back  into  the 
great  world-furnace  of  archaean  times  to  find  the  true 
solution  of  the  great  problem  of  Earth  and  Man. 

The  problem  of  a  molten  earth  as  thus  seen  compre- 
hends a  great  many  others.  No  argument  is  needed  to 
prove  that  when  the  earth's  watery  vapors  went  to  the 
skies,  all  else  that  a  melted  earth  could  send  aloft  went 
with  those  waters.  I  want  the  reader  to  see  that  I  do  not 
state  this  proposition  amiss.  Many  years  ago  I  gave  a 
lecture  in  the  great  lead  mining  region  of  Joplin,  Mo. 
I  saw  the  great  columns  of  smoke  rising  from  a  hundred 
furnaces  and  told  my  audience  that  there  was  enough 
lead  vapor  lost  in  cloudland  to  pay  all  the  expenses  of  the 
great  lead  plants,  and  added,  there  is  a  fortune  awaiting 
the  man  who  will  invent  some  means  to  gather  those  es- 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


caping  vapors  and  distil  them.  Today  each  of  those 
furnaces  is  furnished  with  an  appliance  by  means  of 
which  the  lead  vapors  are  condensed  and  saved,  and  the 
lead  thus  secured  is  one  of  the  chief  sources  in  the  manu- 
facture of  white  lead  which  yields  great  income  to  the 
mine  owners.  I  have  been  told  that  the  lead  thus  saved 
is  almost  sufficient  to  pay  all  mining  and  reducing  ex- 
penses. I  have  also  been  told  that  the  inventor  of  this 
appliance  was  once  a  pupil  of  mine. 

Now  the  conclusion  drawn  from  this  is  inevitable. 
These  puny  artificial  fires  for  reducing  lead  ores  were 
able  to  vaporize  and  send  a  large  quantity  of  lead  to  the 
skies.  But  every  pound  of  that  lead  was  once  in  the 
molten  earth — in  the  very  midst  of  a  furnace  a  thouand 
times  more  competent  to  send  it  aloft.  There  is  then  no 
avoiding  the  conclusion  that  lead  vapors  went  up  with 
the  watery  vapors  formed  in  the  same  world  furnace. 
They  floated  together  on  high  and  when  those  watery 
vapors  came  back  to  the  earth  the  lead  came  with  them. 

Other  witnesses  equally  emphatic  speak  from  our 
mints,  in  fact  from  every  mint  of  the  earth  where  gold, 
silver  and  copper  are  reduced  for  coining.  In  these  mints 
it  is  found  necessary  to  use  the  greatest  precaution  to 
avoid  the  loss  of  gold  vapors.  They  rise  in  the  flues  and 
pipes,  condense  and  fall  as  dust  on  the  roof  and  floors  of 
every  apartment  coauerted  with  them,  and  thousands  of 
dollars  of  gold  dust  are  saved  every  year  by  cleaning  up 
the  pipes  etc.  Gold  vapor  is  ever  present  in  the  reducing 
apartments  and  the  very  clothing  of  the  workmen  about 
the  furnace  becomes  laden  with  it  and  is  burnt  and  made 
to  give  up  its  gold.  This  too  be  it  understood  is  all 
caused  by  the  puny  fires  of  man.  If  gold  is  so  readily 
vaporized  how  did  the  v/orld's  great  hoard  of  wealtli  act 
when  the  mighty  fires  of  the  world's  alembic  gathered  it 
from  the  earth's  int  lost  depths?    Plainly  every  atom  of 


8 


ALASKA. 


it  that  heat  could  gather  from  the  earth's  bosom  was  va- 
porized and  carried  aloft  and  made  to  mingle  with  the 
watery  skies.  Gold  is  so  readily  volatilized  that  a 
sphere  which  contained  it  could  not  be  molten  and  not 
load  the  surrounding  air  with  it.  It  is  vaporized  in  heat 
that  would  not  melt  iron  or  steel.  A  gold  nugget  will 
vanish  as  vapor  at  a  temperature  of  2100**  but  pure  iron 
or  steel  cannot  be  fused  at  such  a  heat.  It  will  begin  to 
flow  at  2900°.  Now  we  know  that  iron  not  only  is  molt- 
en in  our  sun  but  that  vast  oceans  of  it  are  there  in  a  va- 
por state.  It  is  idle  then  to  conclude  otherwise  than 
that  every  sun  and  star  the  eye  can  see,  is  hot  enough  to 
send  its  gold  to  the  skies,  if  it  has  any  of  it:  But  we 
need  not  speculate  here.  Every  world  certainly  has  gold 
if  analogy  has  any  force  in  arguments.  But  in  this  dis- 
cussion I  care  not  whether  other  molten  worlds  have  gold 
or  not.  I  know  the  molten  earth  had  a  vast  amount  of 
it  and  all  men  know  too  that  it  was  volatilized  and  sent 
to  the  skies. 

The  same  course  of  igneous  action,  without  the  shad- 
ow of  a  doubc,  forced  every  meial  and  mineral  that  the 
earth's  heat  could  vaporize,  into  the  flaming  skies.  Thus 
the  primitive  or  molten  earth  was  simply  enveloped  by 
an  atmosphere  of  mineral  and  metallic  vapors.  But  let 
us  bear  in  mind  that  all  the  primeval  waters  of  the  globe 
were  in  that  hot  and  flaming  atmosphere.  There  is  no 
guess  work  here.  This  is  plainly  Nature's  plan  of  world- 
making.  See  now  the  wisdom  ot  the  Infinite  in  all  this. 
How  could  man  get  a  pound  of  iron,  gold,  silver  or  any 
other  metal  if  the  power  that  watched  the  childhood  of 
the  earth  had  not  gathered  these  metals  from  its  bosom 
by  inveterate  heat  aiid  lifted  them  into  the  heavens  and 
held  them  there  till  the  molten  planet  grew  cold  and  then 
received  them  back  again,  planting  them  in  and  on  the 
outer  crust  where  man  can  secure  them. 


ANNULAR   WORLD. 


9 


dragging  it  westward  in  opposition  to  the  radial  motion 
of  the  earth.  I  assume  that  the  moon  attracts  the  waters 
or  they  would  not  move  toward  it.  But  the  moon  is 
nearly  240,000  miles  away,  and  I  am  forced  to  admit  that 
the  attracting  mass  of  the  south  world  must  have  the 
same  eflfect.  Well,  I  see  the  effect,  and  the  cause  is 
plainly  at  hand.  Now  if  the  superior  attractive  force  of 
the  south  world  is  capable  of  drawing  the  oceans  thither, 
then^it  was  capable  of  drawing  more  canopy  matter  thith- 
er. Hence,  when  an  earth-ring  descended  into  the  at- 
mosphere laden  with  primitive  exhalations,  their  inev- 
itable tendency  was  to  float  more  largely  southward  and 
to  fall  more  largely  in  the  Antarctic  region. 

Now  men  may  say  this  evidence  is  too  slender.  But, 
however  slender,  we  see  how  the  dial  finger  points.  I 
await  the  justification  of  this  forecast.  When  the  expe- 
dition now  fitting  for  the  south  polar  regions,  demon- 
strates that  the  pendulum  vibrates  faster  there  than  at 
any  other  part  of  the  earth,  then  men  will  see  why  there 
are  more  waters  there,  and  possibly  they  may  admit  that 
there  are  more  of  the  heavy  metals  there  too.  But  why 
wait  for  an  expedition  to  settle  this  problem?  I  claim 
that  laT^?  has  already  settled  it.  The  waters  are  there, 
and  the  y  are  there  according  to  the  law  of  attraction,  and 
therefore  there  are  more  of  the  heavy  metals  to  attract. 
The  waters  are  there  and  therefore  the  pendulum  will 
vibrate  more  rapidly  there.  If  I  draw  my  conclusions  on 
slender  evidence,  what  shall  I  say  of  the  conclusions  of 
the  old-school  geologists  ? 

We  know  enough  about  South  American  gold,  locat- 
ed, as  usual,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Andes,  to  predicate 
a  little  as  to  its  original  source.  It  is  as  plain  as  day, 
that  if  the  great  amount  of  placer  gold  on  the  eastern 
slopes  of  the  Andes  came  from  quartz,  and  other  rocks  of 
that  range,  it  has  no      'ht  to  be  there.     If  South  American 


I   • 


10 


ANNUI,AR  WORLD. 


gold  came  exclusively  from  the  rock  beds  of  the  Andes 
during  the  ages  of  denudation  and  attrition,  by  all  means 
the  west  side  of  that  range  should  be  the  gold  field,  which 
it  is  not  But  where  did  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  Peru 
get  their  gold  ?  Were  they  smelters  ?  Were  they  quartz 
crushers  ?  Did  they  cyanide  ?  The  Peruvian  placers  of 
amazing  wealth,  yet  unexhausted  after  unknown  centu- 
ries of  gold  gathering,  tell  the  tale. 

For  millions  of  years  the  successive  canopies  of  the 
south  fell  as  metal-laden,  gold-laden  snows  on  the  Ant- 
ardlic  continent.  Glaciers  formed  mountain  high,  and 
moved  as  gla'-ier  ice,  outward  toward  the  ea.  Millions 
of  icebergs  broke  off  and  floated  toward  the  equator.  On 
their  way  the  eastward  motion  of  the  rotating  earth  caused 
them  to  fall  back  to  the  west,  and  like  the  icebergs  now 
lodging  on  the  Labrador  coast,  these  lodged  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Andean  sea  bottom,  then  a  ridge  sleeping  in 
the  deep.  Later  in  geologic  time  this  great  mountain 
range,  a  continuation  of  the  great  Lauren tian  upthrust 
of  North  America,  arose  from  the  sea.  But  icebergs  still 
floated  and  lodged  along  its  ocean-washed  walls.  There 
they  melted,  there  they  dropped  their  loads  of  gold — 
gold  nuggets,  formed  as  hailstones  are  formed  today, 
gold  grains,  gold  dust. 

Now  will  the  old  school  tell  us  how  and  why  placer 
gold  fields  are  so  exclusively  located  on  the  eastern  slopes 
of  this  great  American  mountain  range  ?  Will  they  tell 
us  why  a  mountain  range  running  east  and  west  as  some 
do  in  North  America,  is  more  apt  to  have  placers  on  its 
northern  than  its  southern  slope  ?  Will  they  tell  us  why 
they  do  not  like  to  invest  in  the  new  school's  stock  of 
"whys?" 

I  want  to  be  understood  here.  I  do  not  say  that 
there  are  no  very  rich  lodes  in  the  polar  regions.  On  the 
contrary,  all  gold-bearing  rocks  of  all  ages,  if  the  theory 


ANNULAR  WORLD. 


11 


be  true,  must  be  richer  than  the  same  rocks  are  in  other 
regions,  but  the  placers  will  not  lead  the  miner  to  the 
spot.  Canopy  falls  that  filled  the  placers  in  modern  geo- 
logic times,  filled  the  rocks  as  they  were  forming  in  other 
ages.  A  captious  critic  has  said  that  the  ' '  Vailian  the- 
ory claims  that  there  is  no  quartz  in  Alaska."  Vail 
never  made  such  a  claim,  but  just  the  reverse.  The 
same  must  be  said  of  granite  and  porphyry,  and  every 
rock  originally  formed  out  of  dust  sent  up  from  the  molten 
earth,  for  that  dust  came  home  via  the  poles  along  with 
their  gold.  When,  then,  I  say  men  cannot  find  the 
mother  lode  in  Alaska,  I  do  not  say  it  is  not  a  land  of 
quartz;  and  when  it  is  said  the  placer  filled  with  gold 
does  not  point  to  gold-bearing  quartz,  it  is  not  even  in- 
timated that  no  quartz  beds  are  close  by. 

The  Alaskan  miner,  it  seems  to  me,  need  not  push 
into  the  utmost  wilds  of  Alaska  to  find  gold.  From  those 
high  lands  the  glaciers  have  moved  down  to  the  sea  along 
every  valley,  and  supposing  the  same  warm  sea  waves 
dashed  upon  them  as  they  reached  the  coast,  as  now  dash 
on  those  coasts,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  whole  shore  of 
Southern  Alaska  is  not  one  great  placer.  The  fadt  that 
eastern  Si^"="'ia  is  a  vast  gold  placer,  points  to  the  fadl 
that  all  Behring's  sea  bottom  must  also  be  one.  And 
further,  if  there  are  currents  of  water  dragging  the  bot- 
tom of  Behring's  strait,  carrying  off  the  light  particles,  it 
must  be  leaving  the  gold  behind,  and  I  look  forward  to 
the  day  when  ships  will  find  such  curreiits  and,  anchoring 
over  them,  will  dredge  gold  from  the  deep.  I^et  us  re- 
member that  the  ocean  there  is  a  modern  innovation — 
that  when  its  waters  poured  over  that  land  it  involved  a 
gold  region,  and  the  gold  is  there  still,  and  every  current 
moving  over  that  submerged  shore  is  carrying  its  cover- 
ing away,  so  that  there  must  be  in  that  sea  regions  where 
gold  lies  stripped  of  its  covering  and  awaiting  the  sea- 


12 


ANNULAR   WORI.D. 


man's  dredge.  Find  the  sea  currents  of  these  waters  and 
find  gold.  Sink  deep  wells  on  the  coast  near  the  mouths 
of  Alaska's  numerous  valleys  opening  toward  the  sea, 
and  find  gold  there.  Take  the  Copper  River  valley  as  a 
sample.  Why  not  prospedl  its  mouth  as  deeply  as  pos- 
sible for  the  gold  hidden  there  ?  Failing  to  find  what  is 
sought  for  in  that  valley,  follow  the  stream  up  to  its 
sources  and  over  the  divide.  On  the  northern  slope  of  that 
divide  I  would  expedl  to  find  gold.  I  would  say  the 
same  thing  of  all  of  Alaska's  south-bound  streams.  On 
the  other  slope  of  the  divide,  gold  should  be  found.  This 
makes  the  region  immediately  soiith  of  the  Yukon  more  a 
gold  region  than  the  region  diredlly  on  the  north  of  that 
stream.  For  the  same  reason  I  would  expect  richer  gold 
lands  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  divide  between  the 
Yukon  valley  and  the  polar  sea.  In  a  general  way  I 
would  expect  more  placer  gold  on  the  eastern  and  north- 
ern slopes  than  on  the  western  and  southern.  Then, 
again,  all  things  being  equal,  I  would  sooner  look  for 
gold  on  the  concave  shore  of  a  stream  than  on  the  oppo- 
site or  convex  shore  in  the  elbow  of  a  stream. 

The  reader  can  now  see  that  every  time  a  canopy  fell 
and  the  waters  retreated  to  the  sea — when  polar  snows 
melted  and  poured  their  waters  along  a  thousand  valleys, 
the  light  materials  of  earth  would  be  borne  awa  y  and  the 
heaviest  would  remain  behind  where  the  ice  and  snow 
melted.  Gold,  a  very  heavy  metal,  then  must  to  a  vast 
extent  lie  where  it  fell.  But  is  it  not  plain  that  all  these 
floods  of  water  urging  their  way  to  the  sea  have  simply 
made  the  ocean  what  it  is  today  ? 

"ophir's  golden  wkdge." 

I  must  now  bring  the  work  on  this  volume  to  a  close, 
though  there  is  one  more  thought  which  ought  to  have 
had  a  place  herein.  That  land  of  fabulous  golden  hoards, 
known  to  Solomon  and  all  the  east  three  thousand  years 


ANNULAR  WORLD.  13 

ago— where  was  it  ?  How  in  the  world  has  its  location 
passed  so  utterly  from  human  knowledge,  like  a  dream  of 
the  night?  Ships  laden  from  that  mysterious  shore  car- 
ried gold  by  the  ton  to  enrich  Hebrew  temples  alone. 
Persia,  Arabia,  Greece  and  Egypt  gathered  immeasur- 
able wealth  in  that  far-off  and  now  unknown  land,  aud 
gold  was  "plenteous  as  stones."  (II.  Chron.,  i,  15.)  It 
took  Solomon's  ships  three  years  to  make  the  trip. 
Away  back  in  the  centuries  when  Karnak,  Thebes,  Baby- 
lon, Mycenae  and  Troy  shone  forth  in  golden  splendor. 
"Ophir's  Wedge  of  Gold"  was  the  wealth  of  tribes  and 
the  god  of  nations.  I  can  only  say  now  that  I  have  cer- 
tainly located  that  land  in  the  far  north. 

Had  I  space  in  this  book  for  forty  pages  more,  I  could 
bring  another  phase  of  the  Annular  Theory  into  view,  by 
which  it  can  be  plainly  shown  that  the  word  Ophir  was 
originally  a  name  for  the  north  land.  But  to  make  this 
plain  \  would  have  to  bring  many  classic  and  biblical 
witnesses  into  court  and  thus,  far  transcend  the  limits  in- 
tended for  this  volume.  I  must  therefore  leave  the  work 
for  other  times.  However,  I  will,  Deus  volens,  publish 
'^ophir's  Golden  Wedge''  in  pamphlet  form  (32  pages)  if 
the  sale  of  200  copies  at  25c  each  can  be  assured.  Some- 
where in  lands  now  fettered  down,  it  may  be  for  ever,  in 
snows  and  ice,  the  ships  of  Tarshish  obtained  their  gold 
as  well  as  ivory.  In  one  of  the  processions  bearing  ivory, 
sculptured  on  Eastern  walls,  a  white  bear  is  seen,  and 
this  means  much  as  north  world  testimony. 

As  the  philosophic  student  must  now  see,  if  the  An- 
nular Theory  be  true,  there  are  some  momentous  ques- 
tions which  have  long  since  been  considered  settled,  that 
must  in  the  near  future  receive  a  thorough  revision.  I 
suppose  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  such  men  as  those 
who  champion  the  Crollian  theory  of  terrestrial  glacia- 
tion,  the  vegetation  theory  of  the  origin  of  coal,  the 


;i  i 


14 


ANNULAR  WORLD. 


quartz  rock  origin  of  placer  gold,  can  be  convinced  that 
they  have  the  "cart  in  front  of  the  horse"  all  the  time. 
To  say  the  least,  it  is  very  strange  that  such  eminent 
men  as  Lord  Kelvin,  acknowledged  to  be  the  "prince  of 
physicists,"  cannot  see  the  self-stultifying  argument  that 
presents  a  cold  world  first  and  the  snows  afterward,  which 
is  a  physical  impossibility.  Refrigerate  a  world  and  you 
put  out  the  very  fire  you  must  have  to  lift  the  vapors  to 
the  air  to  form  snow.  This  ''prince  of  physicists^'  should 
come  home,  and  learn  how  canopies  fall  and  how  that 
snows  fall  first  and  refrigeration  comes  in  consequence. 
And  yet  these  men  will  call  this  "  Vailian  nonsense. " 
Well,  I  have  the  horse  va  front,  where  he  should  be. 

Then  that  coal  problem!  This  "  prince  of  physicists" 
only  echoes  the  great  world's  opinion  when  he  says  that 
vegetation  made  all  the  carbon  beds  (coal  veins)  of  the 
earth,  while  it  is  a  fa<5t  which  every  schoolgirl  ought  to 
know  that  vegetation  can't  make  carbon.  Carbon  makes 
vegetation!  For  more  than  half  a  century  difficulties 
mountain  high  have  piled  up  in  front  of  this  question. 
The  annular  theory  sweeps  every  one  of  them  away,  and 
simply  because  its  gallant  steed  goes  in  front. 

From  all  over  this  land — from  the  ends  of  the  earth 
the  geological  cry  goes  forth  that  Alaskan  gold  rock  gave 
up  its  gold  to  the  all-devouring  glacier  to  be  carried  away. 
"Whereas,  in  all  ages,  it  was  the  gold-laden  glacier  and 
berg  that  gave  the  gold  to  the  rock.  The  innumerable 
multitude  who,  at  the  beck  of  the  old  school,  sought  the 
mother  lode  from  the  placer  signs,  or  sought  the  placer 
signs  from  the  mother  lode,  and  so  uniformly  failed,  ra»y 
yet  learn  that  if  the  Annular  Theory  of  gold  deposition 
had  been  pushed  to  the  front  fifty  years  ago,  millions  of 
dollars  had  been  saved,  and  what  is  more,  thousands  of 
valuable  lives  had  been  spared.  ^Jy  conscience  would 
sting  me  if  I  did  not  sound  the  warning.     Let  the  mother 


I 


J 


ANNULAR   WORLD. 


15 


lode  alone.     No  annular  student  would  seek  it  from 
placer  signs.     Keep  the  horse  in  front. 

Two  days  ago  the  writer  of  these  lines,  in  respose  to 
an  invitation,  delivered  an  address  before  the  Southern 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  held  in  lyos  Angeles, 
Cal.  In  the  course  of  his  ledlure  he  brought  to  view  the 
remarkable  evidence  found  in  legendary  thought,  which 
plainly  establishes  the  fadt  that  man  saw  at  least  two 
ephemeral  heavens  pass  away,  and  was  therefore  an  eye 
witness  to  the  fall  of  canopies.  When  the  speaker  sat 
down,  one  of  the  most  learned  men  in  the  audience,  a 
genuine  representative  of  old-school  touch-me-not-ism, 
objected  to  the  theory  and  made  a  strong  effort  to  crush 
it  because,  as  he  said,  "  it  is  founded  wholly  upon  myth- 
ology and  theology."  As  the  learned  gentleman,  how- 
ever, had  the  "cart  before  the  horse,"  as  usual,  the  the- 
ory was  not  crushed. 

The  author  of  this  theory,  from  the  very  hour  he 
made  the  discovery  that  legendary  thought  was  connedl- 
ed  with  canopy  processes,  has  never  dreamed  that  the 
Earth's  Annular  System  was  "founded  on  mythology 
and  theology."  Neither  is  the  canopy  conccpi'on  founded 
on  them,  nor  can  it  be.  On  the  contrary,  mythology  and 
theology,  as  human  produdls,  are  founded  on  the  Earth's 
Annular  System,  and  on  canopy  processes.  In  other 
words,  if  the  earth  never  had  a  ring  system  or  a  vapor 
heaven,  mythology  and  theology  would  never  have  pre- 
sented the  features  they  do  today.  The  ancient  Greeks, 
Romans,  Hindus,  Egyptian,  Japanese  and  other  peoples, 
would  never  have  preserved  the  thought  for  more  than 
4000  years  that  an  old  heaven  passed  away — that  new 
heavens  came  to  view;  that  the  sun,  moon  and  stars  were 
hidden  by  a  water  heaven,  if  the  earth  never  had  rings, 
and  canopies,  the  wreck  of  rings.  For  this  reason  I  say 
the  Annular  System  is  not  "founded  on  mythology," 


T 


16 


ANNULAR   WORLD. 


i 


but  that  mythology  is  founded  on  the  Annular  System. 

This  continual  practice  of  going  "wrong  end  fore- 
most" and  forever  in  the  same  old  "rut"  will  bring  le- 
gitimate fruits,  as  it  has  in  the  past,  and  I  certainly  would 
omit  a  duty  if  I  failed  to  put  the  reader  in  a  way  to  learn 
all  he  can  about  the  great  problem  of  Annular  Evolu- 
tion. I  will  be  pardoned  then,  if  in  these  last  pages  of 
this  volume  I  devote  some  space  to  the  character  of  some 
of  the  books  that  have  been  published  in  an  effort  to  sup- 
port this  growing  theme. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  I  have  no  more  copies  of  the  Earth's 
Annuh,r  System  for  sale.  I  have  revised,  and  enlarged  it 
to  the  extent  of  two  chapters,  and  the  second  edition  will 
contain  nearly  500  pages.  I  have  never  been  able  to  get 
book  publishers  and  dealers  to  take  any  commercial  risk 
in  its  publication  and  sale,  and  I  am  thus  forced  to  pub- 
lish it  myself.  And  just  as  in  the  publication  of  the  first 
edition,  I  must  secure  enough  subscribers  before  making 
the  venture,  to  secure  me  against  financial  loss.  Sub- 
scriptions are  coming  in  slowly,  but  fast  enough  to  show 
that  it  must  be  republished  in  the  near  future.  The  old 
edition  was  a  book,  cloth  bound,  5x7  inches,  and  sold  for 
two  dollars,  by  mail.  The  new  edition  will  be  some 
larger,  same  size  of  type  as  this  volume,  elegantly  bound 
in  two  or  more  styles  and  sold  for  the  same  price.  Per- 
sons who  want  to  learn  the  grand  and  unmistakable 
"Story  of  the  Rocks"  as  they  testify  in  behalf  of  the 
Earth's  Annular  System  and  the  reign  and  fall  of  cano- 
pies, in  the  building  of  the  earth's  crust,  the  augmenta- 
tion of  oceans,  the  birth  and  death  of  races,  and  the  great 
polar  snowfalls  that  locked  down  in  eternal  death  the 
giant  mammals  of  the  earth,  can  learn  the  lesson  and  the 
true  meaning  of  world  stages  in  that  volume. 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


17 


I  conceive  that  no  obje(5lion  can  be  urged  against  my 
claim  that  even  our  bibles  teach  us  this  great  truth.  As 
all  other  ancient  peoples  saw  a  water  heaven  come  and 
go — a  vapor  canopy  reign  and  fall,  it  would  be  strange 
indeed  if  the  Mosaic  cosmogony  did  not  reveal  the  same 
thing.  When,  then,  I  read  in  the  first  chapter  of  Gene- 
sis that  "God  called  the  firmament  (Shamayim)  heaven," 
I  say  that  the  scribe  who  wrote  that  sentence  or  enter- 
tained that  thought,  supposed  that  the  Hebrew  heaven 
was  a  water  heaven,  for  shamayim  means  "there  waters" 
(sham=there,  and  mayim=waters).  In  other  words,  the 
ancient  Hebrew  held  the  same  belief  that  all  other  races 
did — that  the  skies  were  a  watery  expanse — a  canopy  of 
vapors.  Then  again  I  read  in  this  connedlion  that  the 
"spirit  of  God  moved  on  the  face  of  the  waters."  Now 
mankind — Hebrews  and  all  others — always  held  that 
God  and  the  gods  lived  and  moved  on  high.  Then  those 
"waters"  were  on  high  also,  and  the  canopy  is  plainly 
alluded  to.  Again  it  is  said  "God  made  a  firmament  in 
the  midst  of  the  waters."  That  is  the  firmament  which 
"God  called  heaven"  was  in  the  midst  of  celestial  waters. 
Again,  God  "divided  the  waters  which  were  under  the 
firmament  (heaven)  from  the  waters  which  were  above  the 
firmament. ' ' 

Now  I  care  not  how  men  regard  these  ancient  writ- 
ings, one"  thing  is  positively  certain,  at  the  time  these 
thoughts  were  entertained,  humanity  knew  or  thought 
they  knew  that  there  were  waters  on  high.  If  there 
were  waters  above  the  firmament,  then  those  waters 
were  a  revolving  canopy,  for  they  could  not  remain  there 
for  a  moment  unless  they  were  a  revolving  mass.  In 
other  words,  the  Hebrew  writings  positively  affirm  that 
a  vapor  canopy  arched  the  skies  of  primitive  man.  But 
a  canopy  could  not  exist  without  making  a  greenhouse 
world,  an  Eden  earth.    Then  why  are  we  so  doubting 


■M^  -V-  uM^lWJl"! 


18 


ALASKA. 


when  our  bibles  tell  us  that  the  infant  race  lived  in  an 
Eden  clime?  If  man  went  naked  in  Eden,  earth  was 
covered  by  a  vapor  roof,  just  as  the  planet  Jupiter  is  now. 
In  such  a  greenhouse  world  it  could  not  rain,  as  the  sun 
must  shine  on  the  earth's  surface  to  cause  a  mingling  of 
currents,  and  without  currents  it  cannot  rain,  and  my 
bible  tells  me  there  was  a  day  when  the  "Lord  God  had 
not  caused  it  to  rain  on  the  earth."  This  is  the  same 
thought  I  find  among  other  races,  and  it  does  not  fail  to 
substantiate  the  claim  I  have  made  that  the  early  races 
saw  a  great  vapor  roof  on  high.  Now  if  there  ever  was 
a  time  when  it  did  not  rain  on  the  earth,  then  the  sun 
did  not  shine  on  the  earth's  surface.  The  sky  and  sun 
were  concealed.  No  stars  could  be  seen  at  such  a  time 
except  in  the  polar  skies,  from  which  the  vapors  fell. 

Why  was  it  ever  conceived  by  man  that  these  condi- 
tions once  obtained?  Simply  because  they  did  obtain, 
and  the  idea  is  fossilized  in  world  thought.  A  concealed 
heaven  and  a  concealed  sun  are  world-wide  conceptions. 
The  whole  conception  of  man  in  Eden,  his  connedtion 
with  the  Tree  of  Life  and  the  Tree  of  Knowledge  are 
ba.sed  on  the  one  rock  of  inexorable  law,*  and  that  law  is 
the  one  that  has  presided,  as  the  earth's  crust  was  built 
to  a  large  extent  by  the  wreck  of  canopies.  A  concealed 
heavens  and  sun  are  seen  all  through  the  vast  realm  of 
Mythology,  and  the  thought  forces  us  to  admit  the  reign 
and  fall  of  canopies,  for  the  thought  is  fixed  in  the  grand 
arcanum  of  humanity's  cradle  time. 

As  I  turn  away  from  this  wonderful  scene,  I  recall  the 

'''Golden  Age"  of  Hesiod  and  antediluvian  man.     What 

ever  gave  rise  to  the  thought  that  man  once  lived  free 

"from   toil?    What  originated  the  idea  that  man  once 

lived  to  eight  or  nine  hundred  years?    The  immortal 

*I  must  here  refer  the  reader  to  my  "  Eden's  Flaming  Sword," 
wherein  I  have  connected  these  world  scenes  with  a  world  can- 
opy, and  have  explained  this  whole  tragedy  of  Eden.  See  last  of 
this  volume. 


. 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


19 


thought  must  have  originated  in  adlual  fadls  of  some 
kind.  When  I  look  back  into  an  Eden  world,  such  as 
must  have  existed  every  time  a  ring  descended  and  a  can- 
opy overarched  the  earth,  I  see  life  prolonged  as  a  neces- 
sary result  of  solar  exclusion.  Sun  exclusion  means  a 
cessation  of  vital  adlivities.  Life  in  a  greenhouse  world 
was  life  where  solar  adlivities  and  chemism  were  held  in 
check.  The  sunbeam,  as  we  have  it  today,  is  a  ripening 
agent.  As  the  living  plant  is  hastened  to  its  destined 
end  under  solar  power  through  the  mysterious  touch  of 
a  vivifying  and  vitalizing  energy,  so  the  living  being 
ripens  and  matures  and  is  gathered  under  the  inexorable 
sway  of  the  sunbeam.  The  solar  ray  has  a  destroying 
power  and  a  building  power. 

Plainly  the  building  power  of  the  sunbeam  is  placed 
in  the  ascendency  in  a  greenhouse  world.  A  vapor  can- 
opy, then,  was  favorable  to  long  life  every  time  it  over- 
vaulted  the  earth.  One  glance  at  the  tertiary  dead 
shows  a  world  covered  with  animal  forms  such  as  could 
not  obtain  at  this  da}'  in  a  natural  state.  Long  life  in  a 
tropic  world,  made  such  by  a  canopy  which  sifted  out  the 
maturing  and  death-dealing  power  of  the  sunbeam  seems 
to  have  charadlerized  several  of  the  geologic  ages.  But 
the  dead,  the  mighty  and  abounding  dead!  What  a  tale 
they  tell  for  all  time!  A  world  of  life  brought  to  a  close, 
by  what  means?  A  canopy  competent  to  make  a  world 
of  exuberant  life,  was  equally  competent  to  crush  out 
that  life  in  its  polar  downfall.  I  cannot  see  a  world  of 
life  destroyed  by  any  other  possible  cause  than  the  fall  of 
canopies.  The  march  of  deadly  winter  tells  the  tale. 
There  is  Alaska's  mighty  dead.  There  is  the  reign  c 
eternal  winter  on  the  ruins  of  tropic  life.  Tell  me  the 
cause.  It  is  idle  for  man  to  look  further  that,  canopy 
evolution  for  the  all  adequate  cause  of  the  earth's  stages 
of  modem  geologic  times. 


^•'.  ..M 


SO 


ALASKA. 


All  these  things  speak  of  Edenic  life,  followed  by 
snow  and  flood.  I  need  not  be  told  that  man  lived  in 
an  Eden  world,  nor  that  he  was  raked,  for  it  was 
warm.  But  a  change  came  on.  He  was  now  clothed  in 
the  skins  of  animals.  In  other  words,  a  canopy  was  fall- 
ing at  the  poles  as  snow,  and  a  chill  was  creeping  over 
the  earth.  Let  us  remember  that  snows  only  can  make 
a  warm  world  cold.  Here,  too,  we  must  admit  that  if 
canopy  snows  were  falling  then,  the  canopy  was  growing 
thinner  at  the  equator,  and  Eden  made  by  a  canopy  must 
disappear.  Then  we  hear  that  man  was  deprived  of  his 
Eden  home.  But  tell  us  why  was  a  warm  earth  chilled 
at  the  very  time  man's  Eden  was  taken  from  him?  I  say 
it  wa5  another  of  earth's  great  revulsions  by  which  the 
planet  and  all  things  thereon  were  lifted  higher.  The 
immortal  records  I  have  quoted  tell  a  tale  that  all  intel- 
ligent men  will  admit  to  be  true.  But  strange  that  men 
must  find  it  verified  first  in  the  nugget  land  of  the  frozen 
north. 

But  there  is  another  chapter  yet  untold.  What  does 
the  great  longevity  of  man  in  antediluvian  time  mean  ? 
If  it  means  anything  at  all,  it  holds  up  to  our  gaze  an- 
other canopy,  some  2000  years  after  man  lost  his  Eden 
home.  In  other  words  Genesis  has  recorded  the  fadl 
that  one  vapor  heaven  had  passed  away.  The  very  thing 
that  almost  every  race  and  tongue  has  memorialized  in 
song  and  legend.  What  does  it  mean  ?  It  means  the 
march  and  fall  of  canopies,  while  man  looked  on  as  a 
helpless  vidlim  of  the  world  change.  But  what  does  the 
new  canopy  mean  ?  for  man  lives  800  years.  It  means 
still  another  canopy  fall.  It  means  the  march  of  snow  and 
flood.  It  means  a  golden  age  crushed,  perhaps  forever, 
by  snows  in  polar  lands  and  floods  in  medial  latitudes. 
Have  we  ever  heard  of  a  flood  in  which  humanity  real- 
ized once  again  that  they  were  the  vidtims  of  inexorable 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


21 


[owed  by 
I  lived  in 
»r  it  was 
lothed  in 
was  fall- 
ling  over 
can  make 
it  that  if 
>  growing 
opy  must 
red  of  his 
th  chilled 
a?  I  say 
vhich  the 
ler.  The 
all  intel- 
that  men 
:he  frozen 

^hat  does 
le  mean? 
:  gaze  an- 
his  Eden 

the  fadt 
^ery  thing 
ialized  in 
neans  the 
d  on  as  a 
;  does  the 

It  means 
snow  and 
is  forever, 
latitudes, 
inity  real- 
nexorable 


fate  ?  We  are  told  there  was  a  flood.  The  memorials  of 
that  mighty  debacle  have  come  down  to  us  in  such  a  way 
that  no  man  of  intelligence  will  now  dispute  the  fadt. 
What  caused  that  flood?  They  tell  us  the  heavens  were 
opened  then.  If  this  be  true,  then  they  were  closed  be- 
fore, and  the  concealed  heaven  and  sun  of  other  races 
bounds  into  view.  In  other  words,  a  canopy  rolls  away, 
the  sun  begins  his  rule,  and  man's  great  longevity  must 
decline,  and  here  we  learu  that  immediately  after  the 
flood  man's  age  is  reduced  and  in  a  few  generations  he 
dies  at  three  score  and  ten. 

Now  there  are  some  muster  links  in  this  chain  of  evi- 
dence to  prove  that  a  canopy  rolled  away.  It  is  said  in 
plain  terms  that  the  rainbow  came  then  into  vicvv,  with 
the  understanding  that  man  had  not  seen  it  before.  If 
this  be  true,  the  question  of  canopy  evolution  is  settled 
here,  and  settled  forever,  as  anyone  can  see.  A  rainbow 
could  only  come  as  tlie  vapor  heavens  passed  away. 
Then  again  the  flood  narrative  states  that  the  God  of 
nature  affirmed  that  that  was  the  last  flood  from  heaven. 
Now  why  did  such  an  announcement  go  forth?  It  went 
forth  because  it  was  '■x  proclamation  of  the  skies.  All  men 
saw  the  heavens  stripped.  The  last  ring  had  descended. 
The  source  of  al!  celestial  floods  was  "  broken  up." 

Then  again  the  narrative  states  that  the  law  was  made 
a  sign  that  there  wouid  be  no  more  floods  from  on  high, 
which  means  nothing  if  't  does  not  mean  that  all  flood 
canopies  are  ended.  So  long  as  no  canopies  spread,  the 
bow  may  be  seen  and  becomes  a  sign  of  security.  Man 
saw  the  wondrous  transition.  He  saw  the  heavens 
cleared,  and  he  knew  the  bow  meant  the  end  of  exotic 
floods.  The  very  heavens  proclaimed  the  fadl,  and  there- 
fore it  -vas  the  voice  of  God. 

Thus  the  Hebrew  people  have  preserved  undying 
memorials  of  the  reign  and  fall  of  vapor  canopies,  just  as 


!   I 

!  I 


22  ALASKA. 

Other  peoples  have  done.  They  saw  two  canopies  come 
and  go.  Go  where  we  will,  back  into  the  nighttime  of 
i:ntiquity,  and  we  see  this  grand  drama  of  evolving  skies. 
Tixe  libraries  of  old  Nineveh  and  Babylon  tell  it  in  terms 
too  plain  to  be  long  misunderst''  od.  I  have  given  but  a 
tithe  of  the  available  testimony  on  this  point  found  in 
old-  world  thought,  but  I  have  given  enough  to  show  that 
maa  has  seen  canopies  fall,  and  this  is  all  the  evidence  I 
want  to  prove  that  this  earth  once  had  an  Annular  Sys- 
tem. Now  the  consequences  of  the  progressive  collapse 
of  that  system  are  recorded  all  along  the  ages. 

The  Geologic  Pecord  is  simply  the  record  of  niarching 
vapor  canopies  encing  their  career  at  the  poles.  It  is 
idle  to  study  that  record  without  this  fa<5l  in  view.  My 
readers  can  see  what  all  this  testimony  means,  without 
much  more  on  my  part.  It  means  that  the  fire-formed 
oceans  came  back  to  the  earth  via  the  poles,  all  along  the 
ages.  It  means  that  countless  millions  of  wealth  fell  as 
the  waters  fell,  and  that  more  largely  in  polar  lands;  and 
from  the  very  nature  of  things,  that  wealth  to  a  vast  ex- 
tent yet  lies  locked  in  and  beneath  this  frozen  crust  of 
polar  lands. 

Let  us  now  refledt  that  this  legendary  evidence  cannot 
be  thrown  out  of  court.  It  must  have  weight  with  the 
world's  intelligent  jr.tTi,  for,  as  the  investigator  and  sifter 
of  traditions  goes  hr.ck  into  the  darkness  oi  antiquity,  he 
sees  more  plainly  the  meaning  of  these  fossils  of  thought- 
strata.  Men  may  call  these  traditions  the  twaddle  of  the 
infant  race,  but  that  cannot  crush  nor  impeach  their  evi- 
dence. They  affirm  and  will  affirm  till  an  incredulous 
world  is  forced  to  admit  that  man  saw  the  last  remnants 
of  the  Earth's  Ring  System.  Thio  I  say  will  be  the  last 
and  irrevocable  verdict  of  the  court  now  sitting  on  this 
case.  The  result  of  this  verdi<5t  must  be  the  overthrow 
of   long-established  opinions  in  almost    every  field  of 


THE  LAND  OF  THE   NUGGET, 


23 


thought,  but  the  oW-school  geology  will  be  one  of  its 
more  hapless  victims.  For  if  man  saw  the  last  facing 
remnants  of  an  annular  system,  the  race  lived  for  unknown 
centuries  under  a  Jupiter-like  canopy,  and  such  canopies 
are  all-competent  to  make  all  the  warmer  ages  the  world 
ever  saw,  and  their  name  is  legion.  If  they  made  the 
warm  ages,  their  polar  fall  made  all  the  ''Ice  Ages.''  If 
they  made  these  they  were  the  most  competent  world 
wreckers  and  strata  formers  of  the  whole  geologic  past. 

I  look  back  on  the  confines  of  Azoic  time,  then,  and 
see  some  adequate  cause  for  the  close  of  the  Cambiian 
age.  I  see  an  ocean  has  so  changed  its  waters  as  to  nurse 
the  rudimental  forms  of  life.  That  oceanic  change  speaks 
of  a  vast  addition  of  water,  and  thus  a  polar  downfall 
comes  to  view  away  back  in  the  midnight  past.  But  this 
is  not  all.  Even  there  we  see  the  wreck  of  continents, 
which  an  ice  age  is  most  competent  to  affect,  and  a  polar 
downfall  is  again  affirmed.  From  that  time  forward  we 
see  a  constant  progression  of  ages,  and  vainly  we  look  for 
an  adequate  cause  if  we  stop  the  testimony  of  rings.  The 
oceans  change  again  and  again,  and  every  change  means 
additions,  and  additions  mean  polar  snows  and  climatic 
change  and  the  glaciers'  march.  We  see,  too,  the  cli- 
matic changes  and  the  ice-god's  track.  Not  once,  nor 
twice,  but  all  through  the  ages.  I  ask  the  reader  to  find, 
if  possible,  a  cause  for  this  march  of  ages,  if  we  are  to  put 
the  earth's  rolling  canopies  aside.  Is  there  anything 
now  existing  to  augment  our  oceans,  crush  out  life-forms, 
and  send  glaciers  and  floods  over  the  earth?  No!  not 
while  the  rainbow  shines,  for  the  source  of  such  things 
has  been  "broken  up." 

As  I  see  it,  this  age  will  go  on  till  the  end  of  time,  but 
other  ages  did  not.  The  simple  fact  that  age  has  suc- 
ceeded age  is  all  the  evidence  we  need  to  prove  that  the 
reign  and  fall  of  canopies  has  brought  the  earth  to  its 


24 


ALASKA. 


I 

ii 


present  state.  Thus  I  am  led  to  predicate  that  the  fall  of 
the  first  or  innermost  ring  of  the  earth's  annular  system 
closed  the  Cambrian  age,  the  fall  of  the  next  ring  closed 
the  next  age;  the  fall  of  the  third  closed  the  third,  and  so 
on  down  to  the  age  of  man,  who  has  seen  at  least  two 
great  vapor  canopies  come  and  go.  The  deluge  closed 
the  golden  age  of  man.  But  here  I  want  to  be  under- 
stood. Though  the  deluge  was  the  last  downfall  of  waters 
that  coula  come  from  on  high,  it  was  still  more  than 
two  thousand  years  before  the  last  of  the  vapors  fell  from 
the  polar  skies,  of  which  I  have  the  strongest  legendary 
proof.  I  must  therefore  press  this  idea  of  modern  polar 
snowfalls  a  little  further.  There  was  a  time  within  the 
range  of  human  history  when  the  climate  of  the  north 
world  was  much  milder  than  it  is  today.  It  is  well  known 
that  one  thousand  years  ago  there  were  prosperous  settle- 
ments and  even  villages  in  Greenland  and  Spitzbergen, 
where  now  eternal  ice  is  king.  The  hardy  seamen  of 
northern  Europe  penetrated  with  their  frail  vessels  where 
ironclads  scarce  dare  to  venture  now.  The  mere  fact  that 
Greenland's  ancient  settlements  are  no  more,  speaks  of 
climatic  change,  and  shows  that  the  advancing  rigors  of 
arctic  lands  have  driven  them  away.  Snowfalls,  I  am 
sure,  are  the  only  cause.  About  that  time  the  north- 
world  "poured  forth  from  her  frozen  loins "  "countless 
hordes  of  barbarous"  Goths,  Visigoths,  Huns  and  Van- 
dals, who  spread  over  all  southern  Europe  and  even  into 
Africa.  What  started  these  armies  from  the  north  ?  They 
were  in  search  of  more  genial  lands.  Then  back  of  it 
all  is  the  fact  of  climatic  change.  If  the  north  world 
was  capable  o{ producing  "hordes  of  barbarians'  for  the 
invasion  of  more  genial  climes,  then  it  was  a  warmer 
world  than  it  now  is.  if  it  was  warm  enough  to  fill  those 
regions  to  overflowing  with  inhabitants,  we  need  look  no 
farther  for  evidence  that  the  north  polar  snows  increased. 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


25 


and  rendered  much  of  that  land  too  cold  for  human  prog- 
ress. 

I  can  see  no  other  adequate  cause  for  the  invasion  of 
the  Roman  empire  by  northern  races.  I  can  see  no  other 
competent  cause  for  the  abandonment  of  the  once  pros- 
perous colonies  in  the  far  north.  Certainly  these  would 
never  have  been  planted  there  under  conditions  obtaining 
there  today.  I  turn  to  the  old  annals  of  Greece,  Rome, 
Scandinavians  and  other  ancient  races,  and  I  find  the 
most  undoubted  proof  that  all  those  peoples  saw  the 
northern  sky  clouded  with  canopy  vapors  long  after  the 
heavens  opened  at  the  equator  and  the  sun  shone  in  there. 
All  which  forces  the  conclusion  that  man  saw  vapor  can- 
opies. Hence  the  gold-laden  vapors  must  be  allowed  to 
testify. 

I  quote  myself  again:  "  Immediately  upon  the  decline 
of  an  equatorial  ring  into  the  lofty  regions  of  attenuated 
air,  it  is  converted  into  a  belt  and  it  gravitates  toward  the 
poles,  the  points  where  gravity  is  strongest  and  where  the 
centrifugal  force  is  zero.  Hence  it  must  follow  that  but 
a  small  part  of  the  Annular  System  fell  in  the  equatorial 
world."  Now  as  I  have  claimed  from  the  very  first  that 
gold  was  one  of  the  vaporized  metals  of  the  earth,  and 
one  readily  diffused  as  a  vapor  among  watery  vapoi^,  it 
follows  that  my  claim  that  it  has  returned  and  is  now 
hoarded  about  the  frozen  poles,  is  no  afterbirth,  no  ex  post 
Jacto  thought.  The  earth's  annular  system  was  certainly 
made  up  of  aqueous,  mineral  and  metallic  vapors,  as  I 
have  endeavored  to  show  in  all  my  writings  on  this  theme. 
I  could  quote  a  hundred  paragraphs  from  them,  showing 
that  I  am  not  stating  my  claims  now  for  the  first. 

Because  gold,  silver,  iron,  lead,  etc.,  went  as  fiery 
sublimations  to  the  skies  and  into  the  earth's  ring  system, 
they  also  came  back  along  the  track  they  went.  It  is 
now  not  as  much  a  hypothesis  as  it  is  a  fact,  as  every 


26 


ALASKA. 


\m 


thinker  must  admit.  The  geologist  knows  very  well  that 
I  am  not  straining  a  point  here,  and  as  he  knows,  too, 
that  Edenic  conditions  have  once,  if  not  many  times,  ob- 
tained in  lands  now  locked  down  with  eternal  ice,  it  seems 
that  he  ought  long  ago  to  have  urged  Annular  World 
Evolution  to  the  front,  where  it  is  bound  to  go  when  men 
with  eyes  wide  open  come  upon  the  stage. 

I  have  witnesses  yet  to  put  upon  the  stand  whose  tes- 
timony will  be  anything  but  satisfactory  to  the  old-school 
geologist.    I  refer  to  the 

GREAT   ICK  AGES. 

How  often  the  icy  heel  of  inveterate  winter  has 
crushed  a  world  of  exuberant  life  we  need  not  know.  It 
is  sufficient  to  know  that  again  and  again  the  ice-king 
has  marched  over  a  tropic  earth.  If  we  could  see  his 
deadly  trail  but  once  that  would  be  enough,  for  such  a 
trail  defies  explanations  with  the  earth's  ring  system  out 
of  view.  It  might  as  well  be  stated  now  as  later  that  a 
world  cannot  grow  cold  without  the  aid  of  snows.  Worlds 
don't  grow  cold  in  order  that  snows  may  fall.  Snows 
fall  and  tropic  scenes  vanish  because  they  fall.  Had  men 
attended  to  this  fact,  what  an  amount  of  fruitless  theoriz- 
ing might  have  been  avoided.  But  before  I  go  further,  I 
must  quote  Vail  again.  This  time  from  the  ''Deluge  and 
Its  Causes y'*  1874,  page  14.  "A  body  of  exterior  waters 
skirting  the  atmosphere,  having  its  motion  gradually  di- 
minished, would  gradually  descend  toward  the  earth  and 
must  have  spread  to  the  poles  by  the  mere  force  of  grav- 
ity. *  *  *  Animals  in  the  polar  regions  would  be 
suddenly  entombed  in  snow,  which  in  after  times  would 
be  converted  into  glacier  ic6;  and  those  animals  would  be 
presented  until  relieved  by  the  retreating  mass  containing 
them.  Well,  what  are  the  facts?  Today  may  be  found 
the  skeletons  of  the  hairy  mammoth  imbedded  in  'pure, 
clear  ice, ^     *    *     *    the  whole  carcass   preserved,  their 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


27 


ell  that 
p«rs,  too, 
aes,  ob- 
t  seems 
World 
en  men 

lose  tes- 
-school 


ter   has 

ow.  It 
ice-king 

see  his 
r  such  a 
tem  out 
2r  that  a 

Worlds 

Snows 

lad  men 

theoriz- 
irther,  I 
luge  and 
X  waters 
ually  di- 
arth  and 
of  grav- 
'ould  be 
s  would 
iTould  be 
itaining 
)e  found 
n  'Pure^ 
!d,  their 


hair,  skin  and  eyes;  their  flesh  becoming  the  food  of 
wolves  and  bears;  the  contents  of  their  stomachs  undi- 
gested, showing  that  they  luxuriated  in  coniferous  forests 
up  to  the  very  time  or  day  of  their  death.  These  facts 
give  no  room  for  speculation.  Their  history  was  written 
then,  and  from  it  we  glean  the  incontestible  evidence  that 
they  were  suddenly  overwhelmed  by  a  downfall  of  snow. 
Cuvier  said  that  these  animals  '  were  frozen  up  immedi- 
ately after  death.'  He  might  have  said  they  perished  in 
their  graves. ' ' 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  many  car- 
casses of  both  the  mammoth  and  the  woolly  rhinoceros 
have  been  found  in  the  frozen  north.  The  first  mammoth 
was  found  in  1799  in  the  glacier  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Lena  river  in  Siberia.  It  was  exposed  by  the  melting 
away  of  the  ice  wall,  and  hung  for  a  long  time  in  the  lofty 
escarpment,  "  forty  feet  above  the  earth's  surface  and  two 
hundred  feet  below  the  top  of  the  glacier."  Plainly  that 
animal  was  overtaken  by  falling  snows,  for,  be  it  remem- 
bered, "pure,  clean  glacier  ice"  is  only  formed  from 
snow.  The  conclusion  must  be  that  very  recently  in  geo- 
logic time  the  mammoth  and  his  huge  congeners  roamed 
in  vast  numbers  in  what  is  now  the  frozen  north  world. 
We  are  forced  to  this  conclusion  both  by  these  well-pre- 
served bodies  in  ice  and  the  vast  quantities  of  their  bones 
and  teeth  scattered  all  over  the  north.  Then  we  must 
conclude  that  there  was  a  time  when  all  that  north-land 
was  free  from  the  chains  of  winter. 

The  condition  in  which  the  Siberian  mammoth  was 
found,  the  condition  in  which  a  number  of  others  have 
since  been  found,  gives  no  possible  escape  from  the  con- 
clusion that  the  snows  that  buried  them  was  an  avalanche 
from  the  Arctic  skies.  Putrefaction  had  not  even  begun. 
The  tissues  of  the  flesh,  the  blood  vessels  and  the  vesicles 
showed  that  death  was  sudden,  and  that  too  in  a  snow- 


Ill 


1 1 


I  ! 


I  ! 


M 

il 


28 


ALASKA. 


made  grave.  In  one  instance  the  very  pupil  of  the  mon- 
ster's eye  was  preserved  entire.  All  these  conditions 
have  been  known  for  nearly  a  century,  and  it  would  seem 
that  men  could  not  fail  to  see  that  such  a  sudden  burial 
demands  a  sudden  down-rush  of  snows.  Then,  too,  with 
Jupiter's  canopy  apparently  forcing  its  evidence  of  polar 
falls  into  court,  how  has  it  ever  happened  that  men  who 
stand  foremost  in  the  ranks  of  the  learned,  have  not  long 
since  recognized  the  claim  that  the  earth's  annular  system 
was  the  grand  agent  in  this  mighty  world  catastrophe  ? 

With  this  fact  recognized,  Alaska's  gold  field  ceases  to 
be  a  puzzle,  for  the  same  cause  that  was  competent  to 
glaciate  a  tropic  world  gave  the  placers  their  amazing 
wealth,  as  will  be  shown  later.  I  ask  how  can  reasonable 
men  for  a  moment  doubt  canopy  declension  with  all  these 
things  in  view  ?  But  in  the  day  that  canopy  progression 
is  a  recogfnized  fact,  the  polar  deposition  of  gold  becomes 
recognized  also,  for  the  inveterate  fires  of  the  molten 
earth  forbids  any  other  conclusion.  The  same  snows  that 
made  this  vast  desolation,  went  as  vapor,  gold-laden,  to 
the  telluric  heavens.  If,  then,  the  mammoth  and  his 
compeers  are  sealed  in  the  ice  and  snows  of  a  frozen  world, 
they  testify  also  of  the  immeasurable  wealth  hoarded 
away  at  the  beck  of  annular  law. 

The  reader  must  now  see  that  the  claims  I  have  made 
as  to  Alaska's  gold  depends  upon  the  truth  or  untruth  of 
the  annular  theory.  If  the  earth  once  had  rings  and  can- 
opies, they  made  this  northern  land  a  storehouse  of  metals. 
Well,  have  we  not  had  evidence  enough  that  the  earth 
once  had  rings  in  the  fact  that  the  Arctic  world  was 
the  dumping  ground  of  annular  snows?  On  the  other 
hand,  if  the  earth  never  saw  canopy  processes,  my 
claim  for  the  annular  origin  of  Arctic  gold  and  other  met- 
allic wealth  is  void.  The  whole  thing  hinges  on  the 
claim  that  God  made  this  earth  according  to  Annular 


db 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


29 


n- 
s 
m 
al 
th 
ar 
o 

g 
Em 


I^aw,  and  that  law  is  announced  from  every  sun  and  star 
of  God's  empire. 

Shall  man  wait  till  Jupiter  drops  its  canopy;  till  Sat- 
urn's rings  collapse  and  Mars'  so-called  "canals"  pass 
from  view  to  become  convinced  that  the  Earth  is  not  an 
accident?  Will  the  ablest  teachers  and  scholars  continue 
to  exploit  the  most  absurd  theories  to  account  for  the  Ice 
Ages,  when  every  schoolboy  ought  to  know  that  our 
oceans  could  never  have  come  from  their  primitive  home 
on  high,  except  as  canopies  and  canopy  snows?  The 
great  I^ord  Kelvin,  whose  name  need  but  be  mentioned 
to  give  authority  to  his  claim,  could  settle  the  great  Ice 
Age  problem  with  but  a  hint  that  the  snows  of  the  glacial 
periods  came  from  Jupiter-like  canopies  that  once  inclosed 
the  earth.  But  instead  of  this,  what  has  he  done?  Giv- 
en his  efforts  to  convince  mankind  that  the  earth,  retiring 
from  solar  heat,  became  inclosed  in  glacial  snows.  All 
this  in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  no  one  knows  that  the 
earth  can  get  snows  by  withdrawing  from  the  sun; 
Men  who  have  ascended  in  balloons  might  give  him  some 
evidence  of  the  temperature  of  interplanetary  space.  And 
he  might  also  learn  something  from  the  fact  that  the  earth 
is  about  three  millions  of  miles  further  from  the  sun  in 
our  summer,  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  than  in  winter. 

All  such  theorists  overlook  this  one  essential :  The 
earth  must  have  an  increase  of  solar  heat  to  cover  itself 
with  snow.  Vaporization  must  come  first,  or  snows  can- 
not form.  Snow  formation  is  work^  and  there  must  be 
energy  behind  snow  formation.  The  earth  could  no  more 
become  glaciated  by  decreasing  solar  heat  than  an  ocean 
steamer  could  increase  its  speed  by  putting  out  its  fires. 
It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  more  snow  and  the  more  ice 
that  are  formed,  the  more  energy  in  the  form  of  heat  is 
required.  What,  then,  must  have  been  the  heat  energy 
required  to  glaciate  the  earth  again  and  again  ?    It  seems 


■^l\\ 


i   i  ! 


U;ii 


ill 


1111)1!! 


30 


ALASKA. 


to  me  that  when  men  support  the  "CroUian  theory"  of 
glaciation,  they  subvert  the  very  law  necessary  to  sup- 
port. But  where  was  the  heat  that  vaporized  the  waters 
that  formed  the  snows  that  a  canopy  let  down  upon  the 
earth  ?  One  does  not  have  to  go  far  to  find  it.  It  was 
the  energy  of  a  molten  earth  that  supplied  the  snows  of 
every  ice  age  this  world  ever  saw. 

The  idea  of  gathering  heat  from  a  sun,  ninety-two 
millions  of  miles  away,  to  vaporize  enough  of  our  ocean 
in  order  to  cover  the  earth  with  ice!  If  we  could  get  the 
heat  we  could  also  get  the  vapor,  but  how  will  we  get 
the  heat  to  vaporize  the  seas  and  the  cold  to  freeze  them, 
both  at  the  same  time  ?  This  may  do  for  Lord  Kelvin 
and  his  satellites,  but  the  annular  student  will  say  "not 
any,  thanks."  The  simple  fadl  is,  as  I  have  said  before, 
the  earth  grew  frigid  because  the  snows  fell  upon  it.  The 
snows  did  not  fall  upon  it  because  the  earth  became 
frigid.  The  sooner  men  learn  this  great  fadl  the  sooner 
will  they  mount  the  high  plane  of  Annular  Law,  and  then 
there  will  be  "clear  sailing." 

Men  seem  to  have  forgotten  the  fadl  that  the  energies 
of  an  igneous  earth  have  not  died  out.  And  why  they 
call  upon  the  sun  to  accomplish  what  is  plainly  an  impos- 
sibility, shows  the  grand  struggle  the  old-school  geolo- 
gist is  maintaining  in  order  to  exist.  Now  if  men  have 
failed  to  produce  a  glacial  theory  that  will  stand  the  test, 
after  nearly  a  century  of  the  keenest  searching  and  calcu- 
lating, is  it  not  about  time  to  come  home  and  hear  the  great 
Earth  tell  the  tale  of  her  own  exhaustless  energies!  Hear 
her  announce  the  law  of  world-making.  Hear  her  wit- 
nesses speaking  from  a  thousand  fields,  all  asserting  that 
this  earth  once  had  an  annular  system  whose  gradual  and 
progressive  collapse  made  the  earth's  crust  as  we  see  it 
today. 

The  earth's  unquenchable  fires  staked  out  its  own 


of 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


31 


placers,  laid  its  own  iron  sills,  built  its  own  mighty  treas- 
uries in  and  on  the  crust,  and  God,  the  Law  Giver,  saw 
that  it  was  done  as  unfathomable  wisdom  originally 
planned.  The  grand  intent  is  seen  when  we  can  peep  in 
and  see  the  plan  carried  out. 

This  theory  of  the  glaciation  of  continents  is  not  an 
ex  post  facto  birth  either.  I  quote  again,  the  ^'Deluge  and 
Its  Cause,''  (page  19,  1874):  "There  was  a  time  when  a 
great  part  of  the  land  of  the  earth  was  covered  by  a  vast 
moving  glacier.  Its  track  is  seen  on  every  continent  In 
many  places  it  must  have  been  more  than  a  mile  in 
depth.  *  *  *  Nothing  but  a  fall  of  snow  could  have 
formed  this  mighty  mass,  and  that  snow  must  have  fallen 
from  space.  Thus  a  succession  of  rings  approaching  the 
earth,  and  then  expanding  by  the  force  of  gravity  into 
belts,  and  finally  falling,  would  seem  to  account  for  those 
great  cataclysms  of  modern  geologic  times." 

Seeing  these  thoughts  have  been  published  very 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  in  which  time  the  greatest 
minds  have  grappled  with  this  problem,  it  is  but  due  to 
the  Annular  Theory  that  it  be  given  a  part  of  the  world's 
attention,  and  I  trust  men  will  pardon  me  for  using  the 
present  excitement  about  the  great  gold  discovery  in  the 
north  world  to  bring  it  more  diredlly  into  view.  Since 
from  the  very  first  I  have  claimed  that  not  only  gold 
and  silver,  but  all  metals  that  could  be  vaporized,  were 
carried  into  the  ring  system  and  back  again  via  the  poles, 
and  since  in  the  same  proportion,  as  all  other  theories 
fail  to  account  for  the  ice  ages,  the  canopy  theory  ad- 
vances, I  am  content  to  leave  it  with  the  world's  jury. 

If  it  be  true  that  the  last  great  ice  age  was  caused  by 
an  avalanche  of  canopy  snows,  it  will  be  safe  to  claim 
that  this  same  potent  agent  of  world  changes  was  an  adl- 
ive  fadlor  away  back  in  geologic  time.  From  the  very 
time  the  earth's  fires  grew  tame,  falling  vapors  began  to 


32 


ALASKA. 


I    i 


!  i! 


chill  those  lands  first.  Above  all  others,  those  regions 
were  the  first  prepared  for  life's  forms.  So  that  life  of  all 
kinds  must  have  radiated  from  those  lands  as  well  as 
mineral  wealth.  Then,  too,  we  are  forced  to  admit  that 
the  first  snowfalls  were  richer  in  metals  than  the  later 
ones. 

Here  we  want  to  pause  and  listen  awhile  to  paleozoic 
testimony  respedling  those  great  snowfalls  of  the  remote 
geologic  past.  Many  eminent  geologists  have  claimed 
that  the  evidence  of  glacial  action  extends  back  into  the 
very  midnight  of  geologic  time.  If  it  be  true  that  the 
presence  of  boulders  is  evidence  of  glacial  action,  then 
the  question  of  snowfalls  in  the  early  ages  is  readily  set- 
tled, for  we  find  boulders  scattered  all  along  the  ages. 
Numbers  of  them  have  been  found  in  the  rocks  of  the 
Cambrian  and  Huronian,  and  when  we  come  to  the  Silu- 
rian and  Devonian  strata,  we  find  them  in  greater  quan- 
tities. When  we  enter  the  Carboniferous  age  we  find 
these  boulders  in  astonishing  quantities.  Vast  beds  of 
them  lie  as  conglomerate  among  the  coal  strata  of  the 
world,  and  boulders  have  occasionally  been  found  e\en  in 
the  coal  veins  themselves.  The  Permian  and  Cre.^ceous 
beds  show  the  same  evidence.  However,  in  the  Tertia- 
ries  we  have  the  most  abundant  evidence  of  the  alterna- 
tion of  warm  and  cold  ages. 

The  Tertiary,  above  all  other  ages,  was  the  time  of 
abounding  animal  life.  It  was  an  age  when  astonishing 
hordes  of  the  hugest  animals  possessed  the  earth.  Their 
remains  are  found  on  every  continent — I  might  say  in 
every  land,  and  their  total  extinction  at  the  end  of  that 
age,  tells  a  tale  of  invererate  winter  and  involving  snow — 
a  day  when  huge  icebergs  floated  upon  the  oceans  and 
rivers,  and  continents  of  ice  moved  over  the  land. 

When,  however,  we  come  down  to  more  modem  geo- 
logic times  and  find  another  warm  age,  and  see  the  most 


I     iii 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


33 


undoubted  signs  of  a  long  and  perpetual  summer  even  up 
to  the  very  poles;  when  we  see  that  the  world  was  just 
rescued  from  the  ravages  of  a  long  and  fatal  winter,  we 
feel  like  asking  what  melted  those  icy  chains.  At  that 
time  deluges  vast  beyond  human  conception  rushed  along 
a  thousand  valleys  from  the  melting  glaciers.  What 
made  those  glaciers  melt  so  rapidly  and  hastily  yield  to 
the  advance  of  summer?  How  could  a  frozen  world  grow 
warm  in  such  haste  as  to  flood  the  earth  ?  Do  we  hear  of 
glacial  floods  now  ?  Such  floods,  as  I  think,  can  never  oc- 
cur till  a  greenhouse  roof  is  reared  anew.  Another  ring 
descended  and  enveloped  a  world  of  snow  and  ice.  The 
greenhouse  earth  was  formed  in  spite  of  the  ice  and  snows 
that  held  the  mastodon  and  his  congeners  in  their  wintry 
graves.  A  greenhouse  roof,  a  world  of  ice!  Anyone  can 
see  the  result.  The  ice  must  give  way,  and  that  speed- 
ily. I  hold  that  no  other  world-condition  in  the  line  of 
material  world-evolution  could  have  forced  the  glaciers  to 
so  hastily  release  the  continents  and  bring  summer  on 
again. 

As  we  thus  come  to  know  the  character  of  the  world- 
changes  of  modern  geologic  times,  we  see  the  canopy 
coming  more  plainly  into  view.  But  if  such  rushing  and 
crowding  changes  in  medial  latitudes  tell  of  canopies  and 
their  hothouse  consequences,  what  are  we  to  conclude 
when  we  know  that  the  very  poles  have  been  the  scenes 
of  tropic  life  ?  Can  human  reason  contrive  anything  more 
competent  than  a  vapor  canopy  to  melt  and  banish  polar 
ice-fields? 

I  cannot  imagine  any  other  agent  in  God's  universe 
at  work  to  make  the  frigid  poles  regions  of  exuberant 
life,  and  so  long  as  I  see  the  omnipotent  canopy  thus  at 
work  on  yonder  "king  of  planets,"  as  God's  material 
vicegerent  in  the  building  of  world-crusts,  I  say  I  am 
forced  to  fall  back  on  this  rock,  and  I  do  not  believe  any 


(^  i 


ii 


34 


ALASKA. 


ill! 


!■ 


"IIB 


!       I 


I     ! 


earthly  power  can  drive  me  from  it.  From  this  Gibraltar 
the  annular  student  looks  over  the  vast  graveyard  of  the 
Tertiary  and  Quarternary  dead,  and  ceases  to  marvel  that 
age  has  succeeded  age  and  life  followed  life  in  t^e  very 
midst  of  the  mightiest  earth  revulsions.  He  looks  back 
to  a  time  when  a  great  part  of  the  northern  hemisphere 
was  incased  in  vast  continental  glaciers.  In  the  ordinary 
course  of  things  as  he  sees  them  now,  he  can  imagine  no 
possible  way  by  which  the  grip  of  implacable  winter  can 
be  loosened.  But  figuring  on  canopy  processes  as  he  sees 
them  at  work  in  the  solar  system  on  at  least  three  of  our 
sister  planets,  he  may  contemplate  how  the  energies  of  a 
molten  world  can  even  come  to  bear  on  an  ice-inclosed 
earth  and  change  it  to  an  Eden,  as  it  has  again  and  again 
in  ages  past. 

Looking  back  he  can  see  a  ring,  by  a  slow  but  steady 
decline,  enter  the  atmosphere  at  the  earth's  equator. 
The  rotating  earth  and  the  buoyant  power  of  the  air 
check  its  downward  motion  in  front  while  it  pushes  on- 
ward from  above.  As  an  inevitable  result  he  sccs  that 
ring  spread  sidewise  into  the  form  of  a  belt,  and  slowly  but 
surely  it  forms  a  canopy  over  the  whole  earth,  because  of 
its  tendency  to  fall  to  the  poles.  Into  that  canopy  he  sees 
the  solar  orb  pouring  its  immeasurable  flood  of  heat.  In 
that  vapor  mass  the  sunbeams  gather  strength.  Beneath 
that  canopy,  as  the  temperature  increases  as  it  naturally 
would  under  such  a  greenhouse  roof,  no  glacier  could  last 
very  long.  It  speedily  melts,  and  floods  rush  in  headlong 
flight  to  the  sea.  Tell  me,  how  else  could  "floods  im- 
measurable" flow  from  continental  glaciers  ?  And  yet  it 
is  the  united  judgment  of  geologists  that  such  floods  did 
occur.  Well,  if  they  did,  the  canopy  must  be  allowed  to 
testify,  and  if  the  canopy  takes  the  stand,  foundations 
will  tremble  and  pillars  tumble. 

Let  Saturn  and  Jupiter  speak  and  men  will  wonder  if 


:>!' 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


86 


it  be  needful  to  freight  the  past  with  such  millions  of 
years  as  is  usual  to  account  for  world  changes.  How 
long  would  it  take  for  a  glaciated  earth  to  shift  its  ice  as 
floods  to  the  sea  under  such  a  hot- house  roof?  I  think 
it  would  be  a  mild,  if  not  a  poor  canopy,  that  could  not 
in  less  than  a  hundred  years  transfer  the  mightiest  glacier 
to  the  ocean  and  transform  a  world  of  death  to  one  of  bloom. 
But  I  do  not  oflFer  any  figures  now.  I  only  suggest  that 
when  the  geologist  of  the  old  school  shall  have  been  born 
anew  and  shall  become  a  pradlical  annular  stud\.  "t,  he 
will  have  little  inclination  to  regard  our  beautiful  earth 
as  an  old,  decrepit  thing. 

Is  there  anything  improbable  in  these  claims?  Are 
we  not  rather  forced  to  these  conclusions  the  very  moment 
we  make  the  molten  earth  our  fortress?  There  is  the 
tropic  earth,  a  tropic  pole.  Suddenly  as  the  d^sii  of  a 
hurricane  it  is  transformed  into  a  vast  desolatiou.  The 
hairy  mammoth  and  the  woolly  rhinoceros  tell  the  tale 
and  tell  it  truthfully.  //  came  as  a  stroke!  Either  this, 
or  evidence  is  worthless.  These  Imge  denizens  of  an 
Eden  earth  luxuriated  in  polar  pasture  on  the  very  day 
of  their  death.  It  did  not  require  millions  of  years  to 
bury  the  mammoth  in  his  snowy  grave.  Though  he 
may  have  had  his  last  long  sleep  during  the  reign  and  fall 
of  dyna.sties,  and  uncounted  ages  may  have  rolled  nway 
as  he  lay  immured  in  walls  of  ice. 

Thus  while  it  may  be  that  millions  of  years  rolled  by 
during  an  existence  of  tropic  life,  and  millions  of  years 
may  have  passed  while  the  earth  lay  covered  with  its  icy 
mantle,  yet  the  transition  from  a  frigid  condition  to  a 
tropic  state  or  from  a  tropic  state  to  an  ar<Slic  one,  re- 
quires but  a  very  short  time.  The  snow  and  ice  of  polar 
lands  oday  must  be  largely  the  result  of  the  last  canony 
fall.  In  the  far  north  or  far  south  it  is  hardly  probable 
that  snows  can  fall  now  to  any  great  extent.     Moisture- 


I  lii 


86  ALASKA. 

laden  air  would  soon  drop  its  load  when  chilled  by  polar 
cold,  and  I  assume  that  today  polar  snowfalls  are  largely 
confined  to  the  outskirts  of  the  frozen  world.  As  no 
canopy  can  come  now  to  melt  the  polar  ice  and  make  a 
warm  world,  it  will  be  a  long,  long  time  before  the  Ardtic 
and  Antardtic  lands  will  bloom  again,  if  they  ever  do. 

GOLD  CARRIED  FROM  POLAR  LANDS. 

In  ancient  times  gold-laden  vapors  fell  more  abund- 
antly than  they  did  in  more  recent  geologic  times. 
Hence  ancient  glaciers  were  more  richly  stocked  than  the 
modern.  For  this  reason  we  find  more  gold  in  the  oldest 
glacial  beds.  Hence  to  be  an  expert  gold-hunter  or  gold- 
finder  one  must  be  able  to  distinguish  the  old  glacial 
formations  from  the  recent.  This,  of  course,  is  a  difficult 
task,  and  must  be  done  on  the  spot  and  by  one  acquaint- 
ed with  glacial  adlion. 

In  this  age  millions  of  huge  icebergs  break  away  from 
the  ice-coasts  of  the  polar  regions,  bo'^i  north  and  south, 
pnd  move  with  the  water  currents  into  more  genial  seas, 
and  melting,  drop  the  loads  of  minerals  they  contain, 
scattering  them  broadcast  on  the  sea  bottom.  This  has 
gone  on,  as  we  have  seen,  since  the  first  ocean  fell.  Mil- 
lions of  years  since  the  earth  was  fit  for  the  abode  of  man, 
the  gold-laden  iceberg  tottered  from  the  world's  lofty  ice- 
crowns  and  floated  toward  the  equator,  thus  carrying  the 
products  of  the  molten  earth  and  planting  them  in  the 
stratified  supercrust  within  the  reach  of  man.  Suppose 
the  icebergs  that  now  come  down  from  the  frozen  north 
through  Davis'  strait  and  Baffin's  bay  and  lodge  by  the 
thousand  on  the  coast  of  Newfoundland  and  the  "banks," 
were  laden  with  gold,  it  is  plain  that  in  course  of  time 
the  sea  botton  of  these  lodging  grounds  would  become 
rich  with  gold,  which  no  quartz  bed  ever  yielded. 

Now  there  re  such  beds  scattered  all  over  the  known 
earth.     Let  us  look  at  this  feature.     To  a  certain  extent. 


:,„i 


THE  LAND  OF  THE   NUGGET. 


87 


what  became  ridges  and  mountain  folds  in  azoic  or  arch- 
aean  times,  remained  ridges  and  folds  through  the  ages. 
As  a  matter  of  course,  these  ridges  determined  the  direc- 
tion of  ancient  sea  currents,  and  hence  also  determined 
the  tracks  of  the  icebergs,  their  lodging  ground  and 
d...  ->ing  sites.  The  depression  in  which  BaflSn's  v/aters 
*lc  determine  the  track  of  the  north  AViantic  icebergs, 
and  their  lodging  ground  also.  Heace  the  millions  of 
bouiders  that  rest  on  the  sea  bed  of  the  Labrador  coast 
art  lying  there  today  because  in  an  age  gone  by  that  de- 
pression was  made.  Now  on  the  west  coast  of  North 
America  is  the  primitive  earth  fold,  as  all  geologists  well 
know.  At  a  later  age  this  ridge  was  extended  from  the 
Arctic  ocean  through  the  United  States,  Mexico  and 
South  America.  This  ridge  determined  the  course  of  the 
polar  currents  in  the  ancient  ocean. 

Icebergs  ^ormed  from  downfalls  of  canopy  snows  and 
laden  witb  ;roM,  broke  from  their  polar  moorings  and 
floated  '^  ;  !"^  only  to  be  urged  westward  against  this 
mighty  a  '  *y/''l.  Those  from  the  north  floated  south- 
ward and  w  '  Wfcid  because  the  earth  rotated  eastward. 
It  is  easily  seen,  ciierefore,  what  was  the  ancient  strand- 
i.ig-ground  of  the  icebergs  of  the  Azoic  and  Paleozoic  se'tS 
in  the  northern  hemisphere.  In  the  south  polar  regions 
the  bergs  floated  northward  only  to  be  carried  ;v»^stv/ard 
against  the  infant  Andes  by  the  eastward  motion  of  the 
earth,  and  hence  we  see  the  lodging  grounds  of  bergs  in 
the  so  I  •  ern  hemisphere.  For  this  reason  and  this  alone, 
then,  ';;.-  annular  student  would  expect  to  find  gold  re- 
gions scuiiarcd  all  along  the  east  side  of  this  world  wall.  I 
do  not  say  that  gold  cannot  be  found  on  the  west  of  this 
great  coast  ridge.  I  say  that  as  the  vehicles  that  carried 
gold  from  polar  lands  must  have  lodged  for  ages  uncount- 
ed and  uncountable  on  the  east  side,  the  richest  gold  fields 
of  the  Pacific  coast  must  lie  on  the  east  of  this  mountain 


88 


ALASKA. 


I     ! 


fold,  and  I  am  willing  to  leave  the  decision  of  the  case 
with  the  world's  jury. 

Whether  you  find  a  gold  re-  'oi  in  British  Columbia, 
the  United   States,  Mexico  or  Sc  J  lerica,  the  law  of 

annular  profession  demands  tha^.  be  on  the  eastern 
flanks  of  the  coast  ridge.  As  these  icebergs  have  floated 
since  the  birth  of  oceans  and  continents,  one  would  natu- 
rally conclude  that  a  vast  amount  of  gold  must  have  been 
carried  from  the  polar  lands  toward  the  equator.  There 
were  other  walls  than  this  great  primitive  one  in  the  west 
and  northwest  of  North  America.  There  were  other 
strand mg  grounds  for  laden  bergs,  but  the  geologist 
knows  of  none  like  the  Pacidc  fold.  On  the  east  of  the 
"Rockies"  there  was  plainly  another  depression  in  the 
ancient  sea.  A  critical  study  of  this  leads  me  to  conclude 
that  this  depression  extended  from  the  Ozark  ridge  to  the 
present  polar  sea.  It  afforded  a  grand  highway  for  these 
gold-laden  ships  of  the  gods.  Need  we  wonder,  then, 
that  the  environs  of  Pike's  Peak,  standing  right  in  their 
path,  should  gather  in  their  cargoes  of  gold  and  other 
metals. 

In  regions  where  mountain  folds  run  east  and  west 
and  opportunity  given  for  ocean  currents  to  strike  against 
them,  I  would  expect  to  find  gold  fields  on  the  north  side 
of  such  walls.  North  of  the  great  lakes  is  the  Lauren- 
tian  Ridge,  extending  from  the  Labrador  coast  westwara 
to  the  Pacific  coast  mountains,  another  of  earth's  oldest 
wrinkles.  For  immeasurable  ages  the  polar  waters 
dashed  against  this  ancient  shore.  In  places  along  its 
northern  slope  the  ancient  icebergs  must  have  gathered 
as  they  do  today  on  the  ' '  banks ' '  and  Labrador  coast. 
There  they  lodged  and  dropped  their  wealth,  and  I  assume 
there  must  be  rich  gold  fields  along  that  ancient  stranding 
ground. 

There  is  a  great  depressioti  in  the  ridge  where  the 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


39 


the 


Red  River  of  the  North  and  the  head  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi come  together.  Through  this  depression  the 
the  north  polar  waters  must  have  been  carried,  and 
in  a  vast  region  about  this  depression  and  northward 
from  it,  I  would  locate  a  gold  field.  Gold  seekers  need 
not  expect  to  find  placer  gold  in  Canada  on  the  southern 
slopes  of  this  ridge,  but  there  are  abundant  reasons  for 
expecting  to  find  it  on  the  north  of  it.  In  Asia  the  great 
Altai  ridge  was  another  such  barrier  against  polar  water, 
and  I  see  no  reason  why  southern  Siberia  is  not  rich  in 
gold  placers,  as  also  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Ural  mount- 
ains. Eastern  Siberia,  located  so  near  to  Alaskan  high 
lands,  where  in  all  ages  the  glacier  has  formed  and  melted 
again  and  again,  ought  to  be  phenomenally  rich  in  gold 
placers. 

There  is  a  great  gold  field  in  Southern  Africa.  I 
must  bring  it  in  here,  a  witness  of  great  importance.  To 
do  this  I  will  simply  quote  from  Vail s  Annular  World, 
Vol.  II,  No.  2 1 :  "When  gold  was  found  among  the  aoue- 
ous  deposits  of  South  Africa,  the  old-school  geologists,  as 
usual,  would  not  credit  the  fact  until  forced  to.  The 
whole  region  of  gold  deposits  there  is  an  old  sea  bed,  and 
the  metal  was  borne  thither  from  other  regions.  An  emi- 
nent English  geologist,  when  he  looked  over  the  field, 
declared  himself  'unable  to  account  for  the  anomaly.' 
Another  one  said  he  '  would  have  expected  to  find  as 
much  gold  among  the  lake  beds  of  Scotland.'  All  this 
comes  because  geologists  fail  to  recognize  the  fact  that 
the  gold  dust  of  the  world  was  made  in  the  earth's  sub- 
liming fires  and  sent  to  the  skies  amid  its  fire-formed  va- 
pors. 

"  If  men  would  consent  to  open  their  eyes  and  see  the 
great  earth's  primal  exhalations,  gold  and  all  other  met- 
als, to  a  vast  amount,  lifted  from  the  earth's  deepest  bo- 
som to  the  heavens  in  the  age  of  fire,  and   formed  into  a 


I       ! 


40 


ALASKA. 


ring  system,  there  need  be  no  'anomalies.'  Earth-rings 
were  the  homes  of  all  the  metals  that  could  be  lifted  by 
dissolving  fires.  This  planet  could  not  be  in  a  molten 
state  without  filling  the  terrestial  skies  with  such  distilla- 
tions, and  the  law  of  annular  decline  demands  that  these 
should  float  toward  the  polar  world  in  order  to  come  back 
to  the  earth's  surface.  I^aw  demands  that  these  vapor 
bodies,  laden  with  their  fire-formed  riches,  should  linger 
on  the  bounds  of  the  atmosphere  and  return  through  the 
ages. 

"  With  this  plan  of  gold  deposition,  we  look  back  into 
Permean  time  and  see  a  great  vapor-laden  canopy  with 
its  golden  wealth,  hanging  like  a  molten  heaven  over  the 
eartli.  See  it  part  at  the  equator.  One-half  of  it  rides 
;lowly  toward  the  north  world,  the  other  gravitates  slow- 
ly toward  the  south  world.  There,  in  the  course  of  cen- 
turies, it  falls  amid  the  snow  piles  of  the  Antarctic  conti- 
nent. As  time  rolls  on  this  continent  of  snows  becomes 
a  continent  of  ice,  piled  mountain  high.  But  let  us  re- 
member that  it  is  ice  laden  with  the  metallic  dust  of  the 
molten  earth.  At  that  time  South  Africa  was  a  part  of 
the  ocean's  bed.  The  ice  fields  of  the  south  moved  from 
the  continent  to  the  sea,  and  by  ocean  currents  were  car- 
ried toward  the  equator.  We  see,  in  imagination,  thou- 
sands of  great  southern  icebergs  borne  to  this  spot  of 
ancient  Africa,  as  in  an  eddying  sea,  just  as  we  see  them 
today  off  the  '  banks '  at  Newfoundland.  There,  in  warm 
waters,  they  melted  and  dropped  their  load. 

"Thus  the  gold,  once  native  in  the  infant  planet, 
raised  by  immeasurable  heat  from  the  lowest  depths  and 
lodged  in  the  celestial  waters,  found  a  temporary  resting 
place  amid  southern  snows,  and  thence  borne  by  ice,  found 
a  final  home  in  the  soa-foiming  beds  of  South  Africa." 

I  presume  that  every  intelhgent  man  acquainted  with 
the  gold  deposits  of  South  Africa  knows  that  it  must  have 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


41 


s 

y 

n 
a- 
se 

k 
or 
er 
Whe 


been  carried  in  the  sea  to  its  lodging  place.  But  what 
carried  it,  and  whence  ca,  e  it?  I  must  urge  that  the 
iceberg  was  the  vehicle,  and  the  south-land  the  region 
from  -.hich  it  came.  One  thing  must  be  admitted,  that 
the  gold  in  this  old  sea  bed  in  South  Africa  was  not 
ground  out  of  quartz  beds,  for  there  are  no  such  beds 
there  from  which  it  could  have  been  derived.  As  new 
gold  discoveries  are  made,  the  intelligent  miner  turns 
away  and  disregards  old  ideas.  The  idea  that  gold  came 
originally  only  from  quartz  rock  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  placers,  must  be  given  up.  The  Cripple  Creek  gold, 
the  gold  rock  of  Southern  California,  and  the  Alaskan 
gold,  all  prove  that  it  is  found  in  various  kinds  of  rock. 
Full  many  a  gold  seeker  has  spent  his  life  and  his  wealth 
to  find  a  gold-bearing  rock  simply  because  he  saw  signs 
of  placer  gold  near  by.  Gold-bearing  rock  may  have 
yielded  placer  gold,  but  many  a  miner  has  found  gold 
rock  and  yet  no  gold  placers  near  by. 

Since  the  placers  may  have  been  water  deposits,  car- 
ried by  sea  currents,  or  morainic  drift  carried  by  glaciers, 
the  wise  miner  will  not  spend  a  fortune  to  find  a  gold 
lode  on  the  hillside  because  he  has  found  gold  sands  be- 
low. He  will  learn  the  evidences  of  glacier  action.  He 
will  study  topography  and  above  all,  he  will  study 
the  Annular  Theory  and  learn  of  the  world  processes  that 
have  made  the  earth  as  it  is.  I  quote  again  (Annular 
World,  Vol.  II,  No.  24): 

"A  little  more  experience  in  gold  mining  will  lead  the 
thinker  clear  away  from  the  old-school  idea  that  all  gold 
is  derived  from  primitive  rock.  The  evidence  is  cumu- 
lative that  very  little  placer  gold  was  ever  contained  in 
rock  beds.  Very  recently  Peter  L.  Trout,  an  intelligent 
miner,  who  has  had  large  experience  in  various  gold- 
yielding  lands,  spent  several  months  in  Alaska  and  has 
given  some  cold  and  stubborn  facts  regarding  the  gold  in 


42 


ALASKA. 


that  regfion.  There  in  the  very  region  (under  the  Arctic 
circle)  where  gold  must  have  reached  the  earth  from  its 
home  in  the  skies,  it  should  be  found  in  almost  every 
kind  of  rock.  But  above  all,  it  should  be  found  there  in 
abundance  in  the  form  of  grains  and  dust  as  it  fell  from 
the  skies,  amid  the  glacial  snows  that  fell  there  from  the 
earth  rings.  It  should  be  found  there  incorporated  with 
the  very  glaciers  that  have  held  some  parts  of  that  land 
in  their  icy  grasp  for  thousands  of  years. 

"Peter  1,.  Trout  found  gold  dust  and  ruby  sand  on 
the  surface  of  the  glacier  that  environs  Mount  Fairweath- 
er,  at  a  height  so  far  above  any  gold-bearing  rock  in  that 
region  as  to  forbid  its  having  been  derived  from  it.  Now 
tell  us,  brothers  of  the  old  school,  where  that  gold  and 
ruby  sand  came  from?" 

Here  is  a  gold-bearing  glacier.  If  that  glacier,  like 
the  great  Greenland  glaciers,  could  move  into  the  sea  and 
give  birth  to  icebergs,  these  would  float  thousands  of 
miles,  perhaps,  before  in  melting,  they  would  drop  their 
golden  sands. 

"If  Mount  Fairweather  glacier  is  gold-bearing,  why 
may  not  other  Arctic  and  Polar  glaciers  contain  gold  ? 
If  that  glacier  did  not  get  its  gold  from  gold-bearing 
rocks  which  it  had  c.  tshed  into  sand,  it  certainly  did  get 
it  from  the  earth's  annular  system — from  canopy  snows. 
Then  I  say  it  may  be  a  fact  that  some  of  the  glaciers  of 
the  polar  north  are  gold-bearing,  for  they  may  be  some 
of  the  very  ancient  remains  of  snows  that  fell  away  back 
in  the  ages.  Again,  it  is  very  possible  that  those  exotic 
snows,  that  fell  in  recent  geologic  times,  may  have  carried 
gold  from  the  skies,  and  if  so,  the  icebergs  that  now  float 
from  the  north  world  and  melt  in  the  deep,  may  yet  be 
distributing  their  golden  hoards  over  the  earth. 

Here  is  what  Peter  L.  Trout  says  about  the  origin  of 
the  gold  on  Mount  Fairweather  glacier:   "This  gold  cer- 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


48 


tic 

its 
^ry 
in 
)tn 

|he 

Ith 
Id 


tainly  never  came  from  quartz  veins,  as  it  was  found  in 
meteoric  dust,  and  heaven  is  the  only  phce  I  can  think  of 
that  it  could  come  from,  or  the  ethereal  blue  vault  above 
us,  or  wherever  meteoric  dust  comes  from."  Heaven 
certainly  was  once  its  home — not  the  meteor's  heaven, 
but  the  telluric  heaven;  the  heaven  whither  inveterate 
fires  sent  it  in  ages  gone  by,  and  where  it  floaievl  for  mil- 
lions of  years  in  revolving  rings,  belts  and  canopies,  and 
whence  it  fell  in  the  fullness  of  its  time. 

When  I  think  of  the  vast  ice  cap  of  the  south  world 
and  recall  the  fadl  that  it  does  not  require  such  vast  ages 
to  produce  them,  nor  such  to  banish  them,  I  am  not  slow 
to  suggest  that  that  mighty  glacier  now  covering  the  Ant- 
ardtic  continent  may  be  composed  largely  of  gold-laden 
snow.  Certain  it  is,  that  icebergs  have  floated  for  mil- 
lions of  years  from  that  frozen  land,  and  certain  it  is  that 
land  has  been  capped  again  and  again  by  gold-laden 
snows.     But  let  us  now  turn  to  the 

ALASKAN  PLACERS. 

I  have  said  that  placer  gold  can  be  no  reliable  sign  of 
gold  veins  in  the  hills  above.  I  have  shown  how  ice- 
bergs melting  drop  their  burden  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea. 
If  in  primitive  times  quartz  beds  were  being  formed  in 
highly  silicious  waters  and  falling  gold  could  fall  and  sink 
and  mix  with  the  forming  bed  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea, 
then  gold  veins  would  be  formed  in  a  matrix  of  quartz. 
But  if  any  other  kind  of  a  bed  was  forming  then,  it  would 
be  gold  in  another  kind  of  a  matrix.  Now  as  the  north 
world,  during  all  the  ages,  must  have  been  a  dumping 
ground  for  mineral  matter  from  on  high,  I  cannot  conceive 
that  quartz  beds  carrying  gold  can  be  a  characteristic  of 
polar  lands,  but  that  gold  veins  will  likely  be  found  in 
almost  any  kind  of  rock,  and  instead  of  gold  running  in 
veins  only,  I  would  rather  expect  to  find  this  metal  all 
through  the  rock  mass. 


44 


ALASKA. 


Now  Alaska  is  a  grand  upheaval.  The  gold-bearing 
rocks  of  ages  past  are  cast  up  to  the  wear  of  storm  and 
frost  and  the  grinding  of  glaciers.  The  upturned  beds 
were  formed  of  the  minerals  and  metals  falling  there  in 
ages  past,  and  are  necessarily  rich  in  mineral  wealth. 
Ages  of  frost  and  glacier  action  have  been  reducing  these 
rocks  to  dust  At  the  same  time,  the  gold  in  the  glaciers 
has  mixed  with  that  which  past  ages  stored  in  the  earth's 
crust.  This  process  has  gone  on  from  very  early  geologic 
times.  From  the  very  nature  of  this  northern  upthrust, 
it  is  a  region  of  land-locked  basins  where  glaciers  could 
form,  and  afford  no  opportunity  for  icebergs  to  carry 
away  their  wealth.  In  all  ages  these  ice  fields  melted  on 
the  spot  and  dropped  their  gold.  As  tropic  conditions 
came  and  passed  away,  gold-laden  glaciers  melted  and 
others  formed  in  their  places,  only  to  drop  their  hoards. 
Anyone  can  see  that  if  those  ancient  ice  ages  were  pro- 
duced by  the  fall  of  primitive  or  canopy  vapors,  then 
Alaska,  from  the  very  nature  of  world  couditions,  is  a 
land  rich  with  celestial  treasures. 

It  must  be  conceded  that  during  the  many  glacial 
periods  that  the  earth  has  witnessed,  Alaska  was  emi- 
nently the  glacier's  home.  When  canopies  revolved 
about  the  earth  and  floated  to  the  northern  skies  to  fall, 
Alaska's  mountains  lifted  their  lofty  heads  to  the  sky, 
and  thus  above  all  other  northern  lands  was  situated  to 
receive  its  snowy  hoard.  When  canopies  rode  on  high, 
the  air  was  under  greater  pressure,  and  clouds  buoyed 
in  the  atmosphere  would  gather  there  as  now — when  con- 
ditions were  favorable.  As  glacial  winters  began  in  the 
north  world,  currents  of  air  must  have  started  in  vigor- 
ous flight  toward  the  equator.  These  snow-laden  cur- 
rents, of  course,  would  fall  back  westward  as  the  earth 
rotated  eastward  and  lodged  on  the  Alaskan  mountains, 
and  the  great  primal  folds  of  the  continent  would  again 


li! 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


45 


Id 

Is 

in 


become  the  storage  ground  for  the  wealth  of  canopies. 
This  leads  me  to  further  urge  the  claim  that  the  whole 
eastern  slope  of  the  coast  mountains  of  British  America 
and  Alaska  is  pre-eminently  the 

LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 

That  mysterious  power  that  forms  the  crystal,  the 
frost-work  on  the  window  pane,  the  snowflake  falling 
through  the  air,  formed  the  gold  grains  and  the  nugget. 
The  same  process  that  produces  the  hailstone  from  watery 
vapor  today  at  »  certain  temperature,  formed  hailstones 
of  gold  in  ages  gone  by  when  a  higher  temperate  pre- 
vailed. There  v/as  a  time  when  the  temperature  of  the 
atmosphere  was  such  that  mineral  rains  and  mineral  hail- 
stones were  the  order  of  the  day.  In  the  lower  air  min- 
eral exhalations  arose  only  to  condense  and  fall  back. 
But  as  they  condensed  mineral  masses  formed  just  as 
hailstones  are  now  formed.  Irregularly  rounded  in  form, 
after  riding  as  long  as  they  could  in  the  mineral  atmos- 
phere they  fell  back  to  the  earth,  and  we  see  countless 
millions  of  these  in  the  crust  today.  Well  in  the  loftier 
heights,  in  the  steaming  vapors,  the  golden  grains  and 
nuggets  formed.  They  rode  higher  in  the  primitive  at- 
mosphere than  the  more  refradlory  metals — metals  more 
difficult  to  vaporize.  For  this  reason  they  formed  a  part 
of  the  ring  system.  For  this  reason  they  revolved  around 
the  earth  in  canopies  with  great  velocity  and  moved  in 
spiral  paths  to  the  poles,  falling  there  with  the  very 
snows  that  formed  glaciers  on  ttie  Alaskan  uplift. 

These  nuggets  have  been  found  in  vast  quantities  in 
the  frozen  north,  always  in  placers,  and  they  never  came 
from  quartz  beds,  for  the  process  that  is  competent  to 
pulverize  quartz  rock  must  have  ground  all  quartz  nug- 
gets to  powder  also. 

For  this  reason,  and  for  many  others,  men  cannot  rea- 


46 


ALASKA. 


sonably  claim  that  all  placer  gold  was  ground  out  of 
quartz  beds  by  ice  movements,  etc.  Yet  this  is  the  well- 
known  opinion  forced  upon  us  by  old-school  empiricism. 
I  do  not  say  that  nuggets  are  not  found  in  quartz,  but 
that  this  rock,  as  well  as  porphyry  and  granite,  may  con- 
tain them,  because  sky-formed  accretions — gold  hail- 
stones— falling  first  from  the  sky  and  carried  by  ice  and 
dropped  into  forming  beds,  must  yet  lie  where  they  fell. 
I  must  say,  however,  that  the  miner  who  seeks  the 
sources  of  placer  gold  in  the  hillsides  and  mountain  walls 
of  Alaska  will  not  find  them.  In  his  search  for  them, 
however,  he  may  find  very  rich  gold-bearing  rock,  as  he 
does  in  other  lands.  The  long  experience  of  pradlical 
miners  should  teach  the  prospe<Slor  that  quartz  and  its 
kindred  rocks  do  not  moulder  down  before  the  frosts  of 
winter  and  the  rains  of  summer  so  readily  as  some  have 
claimed. 

One  might  put  quartz  under  the  stamp  and  possibly 
get  an  occasional  nugget  from  it,  but  would  it  not  be 
hard  on  the  nugget  ?  I  can  also  conceive  that  a  glacier 
might  push  hills  aside  and  obliterate  river  channels,  and 
even  crush  and  pulverize  rock  and  release  its  gold,  but 
the  process  in  this  case  would  be  hard  on  the  glacier  as 
well  as  the  nugget.  But,  putting  humor  aside,  many  a 
practical  miner,  led  by  the  fallacious  reasoning  of  the  old 
school,  has  spent  all  his  means  and  worn  out  his  life  in 
efforts  to  find  the  virgin  lode,  because  in  the  valley  be- 
low a  few  nugjret?  were  found.  When  I  have  seen  so 
much  fruitless  toil  in  this  diredlion,  I  have  said  why  not 
let  the  placer  speak  for  itself?  Here  is  a  bed  of  stratified 
earth  plainly  formed  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea  or  a  lake. 
Here  are  pebbles,  boulders,  sky-formed  accretions,  etc., 
— witnesses  representing  foreign  as  well  as  neighboring 
formations,  and  no  one  who  regards  this  evidence  in  its 
true  import  will  put  a  particle  of  value  on  the  presence  of 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


47 


of 

^W- 

im. 

iut 

}n- 

lil- 

id 
111. 

le 
lis 


gold  in  the  placer  as  an  indication  that  it  came  from  a 
rock  in  situ  in  the  hillsides  above.  Now  every  man 
should  know  that  every  ounce  of  gold  that  he  finds  in  a 
placer,  whether  in  the  form  of  dust  or  grain  or  nuggets, 
combined  or  uncombined  with  other  matter,  was  once 
lifted  to  the  tenestrial  heavens.  An  earth  of  boiling  and 
raging  minerals  won't  allow  any  other  conclusion.  Grant- 
ing that  vast  quantities  of  gold  came  back  in  primitive 
t'  s  and  became  locked  in  the  forming  beds,  we  have 
ifht  to  say  that  it  all  came  back  before  the  watery 
vapor  did. 

As  surely  as  man  saw  a  vapor  canopy  reign  and  fall 
(and  he  says  he  has  seen  it),  so  surely  have  the  ages  seen 
vast  snowfalls  and  showers  of  celestial  gold,  and  every 
evidence  urges  the  fadl  into  recognition  that  much  of 
that  gold  now  lies  in  the  placers  of  the  world  just  as  it 
fell.  Alaska  is  above  most  regions  one  of  placers,  and 
above  most  regions  a  land  of  glaciers.  It  is  a  land  of  ice- 
filled  valleys  and  wide  canons,  whose  bottoms  are  cov- 
ered with  ice  of  unknown  thickness,  and  yet  on  the  sur- 
face of  these  ice  fields  lies  a  soil  that  in  many  places 
support  great  forests  of  huge  trees.  These  soil-covered 
and  forest-covered  glaciers  must  be  very  ancient,  and 
while  some  of  them  may  have  formed  as  glaciers  now 
form,  there  are  strong  grounds  for  claiming  that  they 
were  formed  as  canopies  fell.  For,  in  some  places  where 
they  have  exposed  walls,  not  only  have  seams  of  earth 
been  found  in  the  solid  ice,  but  mammoth  bones  and  the 
remains  of  forests,  and  in  some  places  the  soil  on  the  sur- 
face of  these  ice  fields  contain  nugget  gold. 

Plainly,  the  soil-covered  and  forest-clothed  glaciers 
are  very  ancient,  and  for  this  reason  are  gold-bearing; 
and  enough  of  this  metal  has  been  obtained  from  the  very 
glacier  itself  to  prove  this  to  be  true.  If,  then,  hot  va- 
pors bore  gold  to  the  skies  and  canopy  snows  bore  it  back 


48 


ALASKA. 


to  the  earth,  why  not  mine  the  glacien  itself  for  the  moth- 
er lode? 

Alaaka  is  a  frozen  land — a  land  whos**  surface  only 
thaws  during  summer.  The  earth  in  many  places  is 
known  to  be  frozen  hundreds  of  feet  in  depth.  (See 
EarWs  Annular  System,  pages  190  to  200.)  In  Siberia 
it  is  jla'.med  that  frost  and  ice  in  some  places  extend  seven 
hundred  feet  beneath  the  surface.  But  how  could  earthy 
matter  freeze  to  that  depth?  Everyone  who  has  any 
knowledge  of  the  temperature  of  mines,  can  see  an  over- 
towering  difficulty  here.  Suppose  the  Annular  Theory 
be  allowed  a  voice.     Hear  what  it  says  on  this  point: 

Under  this  frozen  soil,  under  the  ancient  glacier  whose 
age  may  be  reckoned  by  milleniums,  lie  the  nugget  and 
golden  sands.  How  in  the  world  did  they  get  there,  if 
tbey  were  ground  out  of  the  rock  by  glacial  action? 
Were  they  washed  from  the  rocks  in  situ,  by  floods,  to  the 
top  oi  the  glaciers  and  made  to  sink  chrough  it  to  the 
bottom ?  If  the  nugget's  home  weie  in  the  soil  that  lies 
on  top  of  the  glacier,  then  the  old  school  might  take  some 
satisfaction  in  the  fact.  But  the  fact  is,  it  is  just  where 
the  annular  student  wants  to  find  it,  and  the  satisfaction 
is  his.  For  one  hundred  thousand  years,  it  may  be, 
Alaska's  teu  thousand  valleys,  ice-filled  ^nl  forest-cov- 
ered, have  cr>:icealed  their  gold  deposits,  and  in  all  that 
time  the  warring  elements  have  not  added  an  ounce  of 
gold,  nugget  or  dust,  to  those  concealed  hoards.  Neither 
the  grinding  ice  nor  t^e  crushing  heel  of  winter  in  all 
that  time  has  added  a  mite  of  gold  to  the  hidden  wealth 
under  frozen  Alaska  or  frozen  Klondyke;  and  precious 
little  have  they  ever  added  to  any  other  golden  hoard. 

I  will  grant  that  the  gold  found  in  the  talus  or  soil 
now  covering  so  much  of  the  perpetually  frozen  earth  in 
that  north  land  may  in  part  have  been  derived  from  the 
disintegrated  rock,  but  the  time  has  come  when  this  great 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


49 


problem  of  placer  gold  in  connection  with  glacial  action 
will  receive  a  radical  and  merciless  overhauling  in  the 
light  of  the  molten  earth  and  annular  world-making. 
It  may  be  that  Siberian  and  Alaskan  gold  may  teach  the 
geologist  and  physicists  that  they  have  misinterpreted 
the  geological  record  from  the  very  first  rude  lines  cut  by 
the  chisel  of  Time  on  earth's  rocky  piles. 

The  overtowering  question  is:  Why  is  gold  found  in 
such  vast  quantities  In  tiie  north  world  ?  No  grinding  up 
of  rocks  can  explain  that.  If  ice  crushing  explains  why 
we  find  gold  in  mountainous  Alaska;  why  has  not  mount- 
ainous Europe  give  i  us  abundant  placer  gold?  The  gla- 
cier can't  quarry  out  gold  unless  it  is  at  hand.  There  it 
is  under  the  Arctic  circle,  and  the  question  is:  Why  there? 
Perhaps  it  is  not  generally  known  that  more  than  half  the 
gold  gathered  in  the  Russian  empire  is  found  under  the 
Arctic  circle  in  Eastern  Siberia,  almost  on  the  threshold 
of  Alas^^a.  Yankee  pluck  and  enterprise  are  badly  need- 
ed there,  it  would  seem. 

I^et  it  be  understood,  then,  that  Alaskan  gold  as  it 
exists  in  places  that  havc^  been  se.  led  for  ages  under  froz- 
en mud  and  sand,  intermixed  with  layers  of  ice  of  great 
thickness,  was  not  ground  from  any  "mother  lode." 
The  very  r>iud,  cla^ ,  sand,  etc.,  may  have  iallen  with  the 
snows.  If  snows  descended  to  glaciate  a  world,  they  car- 
ried immeasurable  quantities  of  mineral  sublimations — 
tellurio-c(ju»iiic  dust.  From  this  fund,  I  presume,  the 
glacial  "till"  and  "boulder  clays  '  have  been  derived  in 
greater  part.  Of  course  in  polar  lands  they  fell  with  the 
snows  in  the  frozen  state  and  one  can  readily  imagine  de- 
pressions filled,  valleys  obliterated  and  plains  covered 
hundreds  of  feet  deep  with  such  frozen  materials.  Now 
such  frozen  raatenals  are  known  to  exist,  and  in  the  ab- 
.sence  of  any  other  plausible  method  of  accumulation,  I 
assume  that  the  frozen  strata  were  made  by  progressive 


. 


50 


ALASiCA. 


canopy  falls.     Now  if  this  be  true  time  will  prove  it  true, 
and  there  I  leave  it. 

I  think  the  northern  gold  discovery  is  a  wonderful 
verification  of  the  Annular  Theory,  but  I  am  not  urging 
the  claim  that  the  Alaskan  gold  field  is  a  marvel  to  in- 
duce gold  seekers  to  rush  headlong  into  the  dangers  of 
that  land.  I  am  simply  using  this  gold  discovery  to  ad- 
vance what  I  am  sure  is  a  greater  discovery.  With  this 
greater  discovery  the  intelligent  miner  may  learn  the 
most  valuable  lesson,  and  future  generations  will  know 
more  about  these  great  store-houses  of  the  earth.  And 
now  let  me  whisper  in  the  reader's  ear:  There  must  be 
hidden,  in  the  north  land  beds,  immeasurable  quantities 
of  the  heavier 

HYDRO-CARBONS. 

When  the  earth  was  a  molten  sphere,  it  was  a  smoking 
world.  Carbon  was  one  of  the  most  abundant  elements 
of  the  earth,  and  it  will  not  take  the  chemist  long  to  tell 
what  became  of  that  carboti^  when  the  earth  was  boiling 
up  in  mineral  fury  from  its  depths.  That  carbon  went  to 
the  skies,  just  as  unconsumed  carbon  goes  there  as  smoke 
from  ten  million  furnaces  today.  Today,  however,  in  its 
nascent  state  the  carbon  unites  with  oxygen  in  the  air, 
and  is  consumed.  But  in  that  primeval  atmosphere  oxy- 
gen had  greater  affinity  for  other  elements  which  it  greed- 
ily devoured  and  left  the  carbon  unconsumed.  Oxygen 
and  hydrogen  rushed  into  combination,  so  also  oxygen 
with  molten  iron,  calcium,  sodium  and  other  minerals. 
But  the  unconsumed  carbon  went  aloft  amid  hot  and 
steaming  aqueous  vapors.  Now  the  inevitable  result. 
The  gas  maker  will  tell  us  he  injects  steam  into  his  retort 
with  his  carbon  to  make  a  hydro-carbon  or  an  oxy-hydro 
carbon.  In  this  way  he  forms  a  number  of  oily  carbon 
products,  burning  gas,  etc. 

But  in  that  day  when  the  Great  Chemist  put  his  car- 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


51 


bons  into  the  retort  of  retorts  and  poured  superheated 
aqueous  vapors  over  them,  what  did  He  make  ?  If  the 
puny  fires  of  man  can  today  make  hydro-carbons — fuel  to 
illumine  and  burn  at  will,  what  infinite  quantities  did 
the  world's  titan  retort  make?  All  the  hydrogen  this 
world  has,  all  the  carbons  on  the  earth  and  in  it,  were  in 
the  molten  world,  and  when  those  hot  carbon  forms  came 
in  contact  with  flaming  hydrogen,  there  is  no  mistaking 
the  result.  Now  we  begin  to  see  some  of  the  grand  re- 
sults of  the  mighty  energies  awakened  by  a  world  fur- 
nace. If  we  could,  by  any  possibility,  measure  the  oceans 
of  hydro-carbons,  such  as  the  oil  now  running  from  mil- 
lions of  wells,  we  might  form  some  idea  of  what  every 
shining  star  is  doing  today.  The  same  furnace  th: 
made  the  oceans  and  anchored  them  on  high,  made  aii 
the  oils  of  the  earth's  rocky  beds  and  anchored  them  on 
high  also. 

These  oils  went  from  the  earth's  annular  system  over 
the  equator  to  the  polar  regions  and  about  the  circles,  and 
there  they  fell.  There  also  fell  all  the  other  carbons  that 
the  world's  great  alembic  could  gather  from  the  fiery 
mass,  and  this  includes  all  the  coals  of  the  earth.  This, 
of  course,  is  geologic  heresy.  But  it  is  Annular  Law 
none  the  less.  I  say,  then,  there  must  be  vast  beds  of 
petroleum  rock  in  the  polar  lands,  for  there  was  the 
world's  great  dumping  grounds  for  all  the  fire-born  prod- 
ucts of  the  primitive  earth.  When  the  world's  great  fund 
of  fuel  in  the  temperate  zones  shall  have  been  exhausted 
in  the  ages  to  come,  in  polar  lands,  both  north  and  south, 
men  will  mine  not  onl:'  the  metals  that  now  lie  there,  but 
they  will  carry,  on  the  world's  great  highways,  millions 
of  tons  of  oil  and  coal  from  there  to  other  lands. 

The  fact  that  the  material  that  formed  the  oil  rock 
was  more  easily  transported,  renders  it  probable  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  lighter  hydro-carbons  was  carrried 


14 


52 


ALASKA. 


from  the  poles  and  aod  only  the  heavier  ones  left  there. 
There,  however,  is  the  home  of  the  graphitic  carbons  and 
the  anthracites,  and  there  they  will  be  found.  There 
must  be  found  the  heaviest  oils  of  the  earth,  and  all  the 
heavier  hydro-carbons  and  oxy-hydro-carbons.  There 
must  be  found  the  heaviest  and  the  purest  coals.  I  mean 
coal  with  the  most  carbon  and  the  least  ash.  In  fadl  I 
would  expect  coal  to  be  found  in  both  the  north  and  the 
south  polar  regions  that  contain  no  ash  at  all.  I  do  not 
see  how  all  the  earth's  great  fund  of  carbon  could  pos- 
sibly have  existed  in  God' j  retort  of  inveterate  fire,  and 
and  not  make  all  the  ale  tropic  forms  of  carbon  from  the 
lightest  to  the  heaviest  and  purest. 

What  would  my  brother  geologists  think  if,  in  the 
future,  great  beds  of  coal  should  be  found  in  Alaska 
which  contain  little  or  no  ash  ?  Would  he  still  say  that 
all  coal  is  derived  from  vegetation,  which,  as  all  men 
know,  contains  ash  in  abundance?  I  leave  the  subject 
to  the  test  of  time,  knov/ing  that  if  men  drive  mc  from 
the  rock  of  the  Annular  Theory,  the  Rock  will  still  be 
where  God  put  it.  Suppose  the  future  should  reveal  fuel 
carbons  imbedded  in  eternal  ice,  just  as  it  fell  from  the 
skies  with  canopy  snows.  Would  men  say  such  fuel  was 
once  a  vegetation?  Well,  it  will  be  found  there,  just 
where  the  annular  student  wants  to  find  it,  but  just 
where  the  old-school  geologist  don't  want  to  find  it. 
When  men  come  to  see  that  all  the  original  carbons  of 
the  earth  must  have  come  home  via  the  poles,  they  will 
see  why  we  have  such  vast  beds  of  the  purest  coal 
under  the  very  Ar<5tic  Circle  and  almost  none  under  the 
equator,  where  in  all  ages  vegetation  has  been  king. 
When  men  come  to  see  this  primitive  origin  of  carbon 
fuel,  they  will  understand  why  the  old  Cambrian  beds 
contained  such  masses  of  almost  pure  carbon  long  before 
vegetation  existed. 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


58 


Suppose,  now,  we  were  to  find  the  coals  graded  ac- 
cording to  purity  and  value  and  quantity  in  both  the 
northern  and  southern  hemispheres  from  the  equator  to- 
ward the  poles.  If  this  theory  be  true,  in  South  America 
and  Africa,  the  best  coals  and  the  greatest  mass  of  them 
should  be  found  in  the  most  southern  parts  of  those 
countries.  Now,  so  far  as  the  South  American  coals  are 
witnesses  in  the  case,  their  testimony  is  emphatic.  The 
Patagonian  coals  are  far  ahead  of  those  in  Buenos  Ayres, 
both  iti  quantity  and  quality,  and  those  in  the  latter 
country  excel  those  in  Brazil.  The  nearer  the  equator 
the  less  is  the  quantity  and  poorer  is  the  coal.  This 
gradation  of  coal  latitudinally  is  another  rock  over  which 
the  oli-school  geologist  cannot  climb,  nor  can  he  get 
around  it.* 

Alaska  is  a  stupe  idous  primitive  upheaval,  and  for 
this  reason  the  purest  metals  and  minerals  of  all  the  ages 
are  brought  together  and  within  the  reach  of  man.  It  is 
the  world's  great  available  storehouse.  I  suppose  the 
reader  can  now  see  the  meaning  ot  a  molten  earth.  Sup- 
pose immeasurable  fires  had  taken  no  part  in  the  evolu- 
tion of  this  globe.  By  what  possible  means,  then,  could 
the  oxygen  and  hydrogen  of  the  planet  have  been 
brought  together  in  the  making  of  oceans  ?  Without  the 
aid  of  the  planet's  reducing  flames,  how  could  man  today 
get  a  pound  of  iron,  lead  or  gold  without  going  into  the 
inmost  depths  of  the  earth  for  it  ?  For  these  metals  must, 
in  that  case,  have  been  disseminated  in  grains  and  dust 
all  through  the  mass.     For  this  reason  I  see  Wisdom  in 


*I  cannot  pursue  this  momentous  question  further  in  this  vol- 
ume. I  have  treated  it  in  three  chapters  in  my  Earth's  Annular 
System,  and  the  reader  who  would  know  more  of  the  primitive 
and  true  origin  of  coal,  is  referred  to  that  volume.  Also  to  the 
author's  lectures  on  the  "Coal  Problem"  and  the  "  Waters  Above 
the  Firmament,"  wherein  it  is  treated  in  al    its  phases. 


54 


ALASKA. 


It.-     «3;Hi| 

Mm 


M 


a  molten  world.  I  see  that  Vulcan's  forge  and  hammer 
have  reduced  the  rock-formed  earth  for  man's  accommo- 
dation. I  see  those  metals  all  carried  to  the  heavens  and 
held  there  till  the  earth  grew  cold  and  ready  to  take  them 
back  into  its  outer  crust.  Without  this  world  process 
this  planet  would  not  have  been  fit  abode  for  the  sentient 
races  now  upon  it. 

When  we  recall  the  fa<ft  that  all  the  world's  great 
mineral  wealth  came  back  from  its  celestial  anchorage 
by  way  of  the  polar  skies;  that  especially  the  heavy  prod- 
udls  of  the  earth's  primeval  furnace  must  largely  remain 
where  they  fell,  we  cannot  avoid  the  conclusion  that 
Ardlic  and  Antardlic  lands  are  the  metallic  and  fuel 
treasuries  of  the  world  and  of  all  worlds.  When  God 
rocked  the  infant  orbs  in  their  fiery  cradles  and  started 
suns  on  their  grand  courses,  it  would  seem  he  had  man's 
inventive  aims  and  eternal  necessities  in  view.  We  now 
see  why  stars  shine  and  suns  burn.  The  grand  intent  of 
Omnipotence  is  emblazoned  everywhere.  In  the  turning 
of  spheres  and  bowing  of  poles  there  is  as  much  a  plan 
as  one  can  behold  in  the  evolution  of  a  lily  or  a  rose. 

We  look  with  amazement  upon  Saturn  and  his  rings. 
In  the  grand  and  eternal  dance  of  worlds  the  day  must 
come  when  men  will  see  these  rings  no  more.  As  Law 
presides  over  the  destiny  of  orbs,  the  outer  rings  of  an 
annular  system  must  form  into  moons  and  the  inner  ones 
into  canopies,  and  canopies  must  fall  and  add  stratum  to 
stratum,  age  to  age  and  life  to  life.  Thus  the  earth  and 
all  worlds  are  lifted  from  plane  to  plane.  When  I  see 
Saturn's  and  Jupiter's  canopies  striated  with  dark  bands, 
and  remember  that  these  worlds  also  were  once  flaming 
suns — smoking  worlds — how  can  I  avoid  the  conclusion 
that  I  am  looking  at  sooty  carbons?  What  else  than 
unburnt  fuel  can  I  find  in  the  whole  realm  of  elements 
known  to  man,  to  wedge  into  those  vapors  so  brilliantly 


THE  LAND  OF  THE   NUGGET. 


66 


white?  They  are  worlds  being  built  up  by  annular  proc- 
esses— by  the  fall  of  canopies,  laden  with  all  the  mineral 
and  metallic  wealth  that  fire  could  lift  to  the  fikies.  For 
uncounted  milleniums,  perhaps,  canopy  dust  and  vapors, 
fiery  sublimations  must  fall  and  build  vSaturnian  and  Jov- 
ian strata  and  deepen  their  oceans.  In  their  dense  and 
heavy  atmospheres  that  dust  must  fall  in  all  lands,  but 
more  largely  at  the  poles  than  elsewhere.  These  falls 
may  not  be  catastrophic,  but  yet  they  might  be. 

The  mysterious  evolution  of  Jupiter's  canopy  be- 
comes, in  the  light  of  annular  law,  the  most  emphatic 
and  unimpeachable  witness  of  canopy  world-making. 
For  thirty  years  I  have  watched  the  stupendous  changes 
of  a  mineral  and  metal-laden  ocean  of  -  -ors,  making 
every  effort  possible  to  reach  the  surface  .ue  planet  and 
that,  too,  via  his  poles.  Jupiter's  canopy  is  plainly  the 
wreck  of  an  annular  system,  revolving  measurably  inde- 
pendently of  the  planet's  own  rotation.  I  fancy  Jupiter's 
"golden  age"  may  be  now  in  the  noon  of  its  progress, 
or  it  may  be  its  "tertiary  time,"  Certainly  it  is  not  a 
hot  world,  as  is  claimed;  for  the  strongest  evidence  in 
favor  of  5uch  a  claim  fails  when  tested.  But  as  that  can- 
opy is  nov  falling,  what  vast  continents  of  snows  must 
eventually  mass  themselves  about  Jupiter's  poles.  What 
deluge.<>  must  augment  its  oceans!  and  this  leads  me  one 
step  further  on. 

Our  oceans  say,  as  they  roll  their  waters  up  ten  thou- 
sand river  channels,  that  they  are  today  many  fathoms 
deeper  than  they  were  just  previous  to  the  last  great  ice 
age.  If  all  the  ocean  waters  had  fallen  in  primitive  geo- 
logic times,  the  earth  having  absorbed  vast  quantities  of 
them,  the  seashore  must  have  been  at  a  lower  level,  the 
world  over,  than  formerly,  so  that  now  the  rivers  would 
run  rapidly  and  pitch  headlong  into  the  sea  through  high 
alluvial  walls.     But  where,  in  the  whole  earth,  do  we 


66 


ALASKA. 


?.  i'!   I 


find  this  feature  ?  The  ocean  is  today  a  vast  basin  filled 
to  overflowing  by  modern  augmentation.  One  cannot 
contemplate  the  contour  of  continents  as  they  now  exist 
and  philosophically  conclude  otherwise.  Today  there 
sleeps  in  the  very  midst  of  the  Pacific  ocean  a  vast  conti- 
nent, once  the  scene  of  human  adlivity,  as  the  submerged 
works  of  human  hands  prove.  Dana,  America's  great 
geologist,  said  it  was  a  vast  sunken  continent.  But  this 
could  not  be  the  case,  for  if  that  continent  sank  the 
waters  would  recede  from  the  coasts  of  the  earth  and  the 
rivers  would  pitch  into  the  sea,  which  they  do  not.  (On 
this  theme  see  Earth's  Annular  System,  pages  iii  to 

155) 

But  the  Law  is  not  done  forecasting  yet.  It  declares 
that  the  south  polar  world  is  also  a  land  of  nuggets.  In- 
deed, I  have  no  hesitation  in  claiming  that  if  we  follow 
the  indications  made  apparent  by  the  plan  of  annular  ev- 
olution, the  south  world  is  the  greater  and  richer  store- 
house of  the  metals.  When  I  recall  the  great  continental 
casement  of  Antar(5lic  ice,  so  far  exceeding  the  northern 
ice  fields  in  dimensions;  when  I  recall  the  fadl  that  the 
great  bulk  of  oceanic  waters  have  gathered  about  and 
toward  that  region,  I  am  led  to  ask  why  are  these  things 
so  ?  and  but  one  philosophic  answer  comes  in  reply.  If 
the  oceans'  waters  have  gathered  in  greater  quantities 
about  the  southern  pole  it  is  because  they  have  been  at- 
tra<5led  thither  more  than  they  have  been  attracted  to  the 
northern  pole.  In  other  words,  the  Antarctic  world  has 
greater  attraction  than  the  Arctic.  In  other  words,  a 
mass  of  metal  that  would  weigh  a  pound  in  the  Arctic 
world  will  weigh  more  than  a  pound  in  the  Antarctic. 
The  pendulum  will  vibrate  more  rapidly  at  the  latter 
place.  I  say  these  things  must  be  so  because  that  region 
has  got  possession  of  the  world's  great  ocean. 

When  I  see  our  moon  lifting  a  great  tidal  wave  and 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


67 


dragging  it  westward  in  opposition  to  the  radial  motion 
of  the  earth.  I  assume  that  the  moon  attracts  the  waters 
or  they  would  not  move  toward  it.  But  the  moon  is 
nearly  240,000  miles  away,  and  I  am  forced  to  admit  that 
the  attracting  mass  of  the  south  world  must  have  the 
same  effect.  Well,  I  see  the  effect,  and  the  cause  is 
plainly  at  hand.  Now  if  the  superior  attractive  force  of 
the  south  world  is  capable  of  drawing  the  oceans  thither, 
then  it  was  capable  of  drawing  more  canopy  matter  thith- 
er. Hence,  when  an  earth-ring  descended  into  the  at- 
mosphere laden  with  primitive  exhalations,  their  inev- 
itable tendency  was  to  float  more  largely  southward  and 
to  fall  more  largely  in  the  Antarctic  region. 

Now  men  may  say  this  evidence  is  too  slender.  But, 
however  slender,  we  see  how  the  dial  finger  points.  I 
await  the  justification  of  this  forecast  When  the  expe- 
dition now  fitting  for  the  south  polar  regions,  demon- 
strates that  the  pendulum  vibrates  faster  there  than  at 
any  other  part  of  the  earth,  then  men  will  see  why  there 
are  more  waters  there,  and  possibly  they  may  admit  that 
there  are  more  of  the  heavy  metals  there  too.  But  why 
wait  for  an  expedition  to  settle  this  problem  ?  I  claim 
that  law  has  already  settled  it.  The  waters  are  there, 
and  they  are  there  according  to  the  law  of  attraction,  and 
therefore  there  are  more  of  the  heavy  metals  to  attract. 
The  waters  are  there  and  therefore  the  pendulum  will 
vibrate  more  rapidly  there.  If  I  draw  my  conclusions  on 
slender  evidence,  what  shall  I  say  of  the  conclusions  of 
the  old-school  geologists  ? 

We  know  enough  about  South  American  gold,  locat- 
ed, as  usual,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Andes,  to  predicate 
a  little  as  to  its  original  source.  It  is  as  plain  as  day, 
that  if  the  great  amount  of  placer  gold  on  the  eastern 
slopes  of  the  Andes  came  from  quartz,  and  other  rocks  of 
that  range,  it  has  no  right  to  be  there.     If  South  American 


f'l 


58 


ALASKA. 


gold  came  exclusively  from  the  rock  beds  of  the  Andes 
during  the  ages  of  denudation  and  attrition,  by  all  means 
the  west  side  of  that  range  should  be  the  gold  field,  which 
it  is  not  But  where  did  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  Peru 
get  their  gold  ?  Were  they  smelters  ?  Were  they  quartz 
crushers  ?  Did  they  cyanide  ?  The  Peruvian  placers  of 
amazing  wealth,  yei  unexhausted  after  unknown  centu- 
ries of  gold  gathering,  tell  the  tale. 

For  millions  of  years  the  successive  canopies  of  the 
south  fell  as  metal-laden,  gold-laden  snows  on  the  Ant- 
ardlic  continent.  Glaciers  formed  mountain  high,  and 
moved  as  glacier  ice,  outward  toward  the  sea.  Millions 
of  icebergs  broke  off  and  floated  toward  the  equator.  On 
their  way  the  eastward  motion  of  the  rotating  earth  caused 
them  to  fall  back  to  the  west,  and  like  the  icebergs  now 
lodging  on  the  Labrador  coast,  these  lodged  on  the  east 
side  oi  the  Andean  sea  bottom,  then  a  ridge  sleeping  in 
the  deep.  Later  in  geologic  time  this  great  mountain 
range,  a  continuation  of  the  great  Lauren  tian  upthrust 
of  North  America,  arose  from  the  sea.  But  icebergs  still 
floated  and  lodged  along  its  ocean-washed  walls.  There 
they  melted,  there  they  dropped  their  loads  of  gold — 
gold  nuggets,  formed  as  hailstones  are  formed  today, 
gold  grains,  gold  dust. 

Now  will  the  old  school  tell  us  how  and  why  placer 
gold  fields  are  so  exclusively  located  on  the  eastern  slopes 
of  this  great  American  mountain  range  ?  Will  they  tell 
us  why  a  mountain  range  running  east  and  west  as  some 
do  in  North  America,  is  more  apt  to  have  placers  on  its 
northern  than  its  southern  slope  ?  Will  they  tell  us  why 
they  do  not  like  to  invest  in  the  new  school's  stock  of 
"whys?" 

I  want  to  be  understood  here.  I  do  not  say  that 
there  are  no  very  rich  lodes  in  the  polar  regions.  On  the 
contrary,  all  gold-btaring  rocks  of  all  ages,  if  the  theory 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


69 


be  true,  must  be  richer  than  the  same  rocks  are  in  other 
regions,  but  the  placers  will  not  lead  the  miner  to  the 
spot.  Canopy  falls  that  filled  the  placers  in  modern  geo- 
logic times,  filled  the  rocks  as  they  were  forming  in  other 
ages.  A  captious  critic  has  said  that  the  "  Vailian  the- 
ory claims  that  there  is  no  quartz  in  Alaska."  Vail 
never  made  such  a  claim,  but  just  the  reverse.  The 
same  must  be  said  of  granite  and  porphyry,  and  every 
rock  originally  formed  out  of  dust  sent  up  from  the  molten 
earth,  for  that  dust  came  home  via  the  poles  along  with 
their  gold.  When,  then,  I  say  men  cannot  find  the 
mother  lode  in  Alaska,  I  do  not  say  it  is  not  a  land  of 
quartz;  and  when  it  is  said  the  placer  filled  with  gold 
does  not  point  ■  o  gold-bearing  quartz,  it  is  not  even  in- 
timated that  no  quartz  beds  are  close  by. 

The  Alaskan  miner,  it  seems  to  me,  need  not  push 
into  the  utmost  wilds  of  Alaska  to  find  gold.  From  those 
high  lands  the  glaciers  have  moved  down  to  the  sea  along 
every  valley,  and  supposing  the  same  warm  sea  waves 
dashed  upon  them  as  they  reached  the  coast,  as  now  dash 
on  those  coasts,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  whole  shore  of 
Southern  Alaska  is  not  one  great  placer.  The  fadl  that 
eastern  Siberia  is  a  vast  gold  placer,  points  to  the  fadl 
that  all  Behring's  sea  bottom  must  also  be  one.  And 
further,  if  there  are  currents  of  water  dragging  the  bot- 
tom of  Behring's  strait,  carrying  off  the  light  particles,  it 
must  be  leaving  the  gold  behind,  and  I  look  forward  to 
the  day  when  ships  will  find  such  currents  and,  anchoring 
over  them,  will  dredge  gold  from  the  deep.  I<et  us  re- 
member that  the  ocean  there  is  a  modern  innovation — 
that  when  its  waters  poured  over  that  land  it  involved  a 
gold  region,  and  the  gold  is  there  still,  and  every  current 
moving  over  that  submerged  shore  is  carrying  its  cover- 
ing away,  so  that  there  must  be  in  that  sea  regions  where 
gold  lies  stripped  of  its  covering  and  awaiting  the  sea- 


ALASKA. 


man's  dredge.  Find  the  sea  currents  of  these  waters  and 
find  gold.  Sink  deep  wells  on  the  coast  near  the  mouths 
of  Alaska's  numerous  valleys  opening  toward  the  sea, 
and  find  gold  there.  Take  the  Copper  River  valley  as  a 
sample.  Why  not  prospedl  its  mouth  as  deeply  as  pos- 
sible for  the  gold  hidden  there?  Failing  to  find  what  is 
sought  for  in  that  valley,  follow  the  stream  up  to  its 
sources  and  over  the  divide.  On  the  northern  slope  of  that 
divide  I  would  expedl  to  find  gold.  I  would  say  the 
same  thing  of  all  of  Alaska's  south-bound  streams.  On 
the  other  slope  of  the  divide,  gold  should  be  found.  This 
makes  the  region  immediately  south  of  the  Yukon  more  a 
gold  region  than  the  region  diredlly  on  the  north  of  that 
stream.  For  the  same  reason  I  would  expect  richer  gold 
lands  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  divide  between  the 
Yukon  valley  and  the  polar  sea.  In  a  general  way  I 
would  expect  more  placer  gold  on  the  eastern  and  north- 
em  slopes  than  on  the  western  and  southern.  Then, 
again,  all  things  being  equal,  I  would  sooner  look  for 
gold  on  the  concave  shore  of  a  stream  than  on  the  oppo- 
site or  convex  shore  in  the  elbow  of  a  stream. 

The  reader  can  now  see  that  every  time  a  canopy  fell 
and  the  waters  retreated  to  the  sea — when  polar  snows 
melted  and  poured  their  waters  along  a  thousand  valleys, 
the  light  materials  of  earth  would  be  borne  away  and  the 
hea^'iest  would  remain  behind  where  the  ice  and  snow 
melted.  Gold,  a  very  heavy  metal,  then  must  to  a  vast 
extent  lie  where  it  felL  But  is  it  not  plain  that  all  these 
floods  of  water  urging  their  way  to  the  sea  have  simply 
made  the  ocean  what  it  is  today  ? 

"ophir's  golden  wedge." 

I  must  now  bring  the  work  on  this  volume  to  a  close, 
though  there  is  one  more  thought  which  ought  to  have 
had  a  place  herein.  That  land  of  fabulous  golden  hoards, 
known  to  Solomon  and  all  the  east  three  thousand  years 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


61 


ago — where  was  it  ?  How  in  the  world  has  its  location 
passed  so  utterly  from  human  knowledge,  like  a  dream  of 
the  night?  Ships  laden  from  that  mysterious  shore  car- 
ried gold  by  the  ton  to  enrich  Hebrew  temples  alone. 
Persia,  Arabia,  Greece  and  Egypt  gathered  immeasur- 
able wealth  in  that  far-oflf  and  now  unknown  land,  and 
gold  was  "plenteous  as  stones."  (II.  Chron.,  i,  15.)  It 
took  Solomon's  ships  three  years  to  make  the  trip. 
Away  back  in  the  centuries  when  Karnak,  Thebes,  Baby- 
lon, Mycenpe  ai^d  Troy  shone  forth  in  golden  splendor. 
"Ophir's  Weug.^  of  Gold"  was  the  wealth  of  tribes  and 
the  god  of  nations.  I  can  only  say  now  that  I  have  cer- 
tainly located  that  land  in  the  far  north. 

Had  I  space  in  this  book  for  forty  pages  more,  I  could 
bring  another  phase  of  the  Annular  Theory  into  view,  by 
which  it  can  be  plainly  shown  that  the  word  Ophir  v/as 
originally  a  name  for  the  north  land.  But  to  make  this 
plain  I  would  have  to  bring  many  classic  and  biblical 
witnesses  into  court  and  thus,  far  transcend  the  limits  in- 
tended for  this  volume.  I  must  therefore  leave  the  work 
for  other  times.  However,  I  will,  Deus  volens,  publish 
^* Ophir's  Golden  Wedge''  in  pamphlet  form  (32  pages)  if 
the  sale  of  200  copies  at  25c  each  can  be  assured.  Some- 
where in  lands  now  fettered  down,  it  may  be  for  ever,  in 
snows  and  ice,  the  ships  of  Tarshish  obtained  their  gold 
as  well  as  ivory.  In  one  of  the  processions  bearing  ivory, 
sculptured  on  Eastern  walls,  a  white  bear  is  seen,  and 
this  means  much  as  north  world  testimony. 

As  the  philosophic  student  must  now  see,  if  the  An- 
nular Theory  be  true,  there  are  some  momentous  ques- 
tions which  have  long  since  been  considered  settled,  that 
must  in  the  near  future  receive  a  thorough  revision.  I 
suppose  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  such  men  as  those 
who  champion  the  CroUian  theory  of  terrestrial  glacia- 
tion,  the  vegetation  theory  of  the  origin  of  coal,  the 


ALASKA. 


quartz  rock  origin  of  placer  gold,  can  be  convinced  that 
they  have  the  "cart  in  front  of  the  horse"  all  the  time. 
To  say  the  least,  it  is  very  strange  that  such  eminent 
men  as  Lord  Kelvin,  acknowledged  to  be  the  ' '  prince  of 
physicists,"  cannot  see  the  self-stultifying  argument  thijt 
presents  a  cold  world  first  and  the  snows  afterward,  which 
is  a  physical  impossibility.  Refrigerate  a  world  and  you 
put  out  the  very  fire  you  must  have  to  lift  the  vapors  to 
the  air  ^o  form  snow.  This  * 'prince  of  physicists^'  should 
come  home,  and  learn  how  canopies  fall  and  how  that 
snows  fall  first  and  refrigeration  comes  in  consequence. 
And  yet  these  men  will  cz.\\  this  "Vailian  nonsense." 
Well,  I  have  the  horse  in  /ran       liere  he  should  be. 

Then  that  coM  problem!  This  "prince  of  physicists" 
only  pchocii  the  great  world's  opinion  when  he  says  that 
vegetatici'  made  all  the  carbon  beds  (coal  veins)  of  the 
earth,  while  it  is  a  fad*  which  every  schoolg'rl  ought  to 
know  tJiat  vegetation  can't  make  carbon.  Carbon  makes 
%iegetation!  For  more  than  half  a  century  diiHculties 
mountain  high  have  piled  up  in  front  of  this  question. 
The  annul Jir  theory  sweeps  every  one  of  them  away,  and 
simply  becaiJSP!  iti:  ^gallant  steed  goes  m  front. 

From  all  over  ^his  land — from  the  ends  of  the  irth 
the  geokgiccl  cry  goes  torth  that  Alaskan  gold  rock  gave 
no  its  gold  to  the  all-devouring  glacier  to  be  carried  away. 
Whereas,  in  all  ages,  it  was  the  gold-laden  glacier  and 
berg  that  gave  the  gold  to  the  rock.  The  innumerable 
multitude  who,  at  the  beck  of  the  old  school,  sought  the 
mother  lode  frc  n  the  placer  signs,  or  sought  the  placer 
signs  fron.  the  mother  lode,  and  so  uniformly  failed,  may 
yet  learn  that  if  the  Annular  Theory  of  gold  deposition 
had  been  pushed  to  the  front  fifty  years  ago,  millions  of 
dollars  had  Ixeii  «aved,  and  what  is  more,  thousands  of 
valuable  lives  had  been  spared.  My  conscience  would 
sting  me  if  I  did  not  sound  the  warning.     Let  the  mother 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


63 


lode  alone.  No  annular  student  would  seek  it  from 
placer  signs.     Keep  the  horse  in  front. 

Two  days  ago  the  writer  of  these  lines,  in  respose  to 
an  invitation,  delivered  an  address  before  the  Southern 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  held  in  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.  In  the  course  cf  his  ledlure  he  brought  to  view  the 
remarkable  evidence  found  in  legendary  thought,  which 
plainly  establishes  the  fadl  that  man  saw  at  least  two 
ephemeral  heavens  pass  away,  and  was  therefore  an  eye 
witness  to  th^  fall  of  canopies.  When  the  speaker  sat 
down,  one  ot  the  most  learned  men  in  the  audience,  a 
genuine  representative  of  old-school  touch-me-not-ism, 
objedled  to  the  theory  and  made  a  strong  eflfort  to  crush 
it  because,  as  he  said,  "it  is  founded  wholly  upon  myth- 
ology and  theology,"  As  the  learned  gentleman,  how- 
ever, had  the  'cart  before  the  horse,"  as  usual,  the  the- 
ory was  not  crushed. 

The  author  of  this  theory,  from  the  very  hour  he 
made  the  discovery  that  legendary  thought  was  coune<5l- 
ed  with  canopy  processes,  has  never  dreamed  that  the 
Earth's  Annular  System  was  "founded  on  mythology 
and  theology."  Neither  is  the  canopy  conception  founded 
on  them,  nor  can  it  be.  On  the  contrary,  mythology  and 
theology,  as  human  produdls,  are  founded  on  the  Earth's 
Annular  System,  and  on  canopy  processes.  In  other 
words,  if  the  earth  never  had  a  ring  system  or  a  vapor 
heaven,  mythology  and  theology  would  never  have  pre- 
sented the  features  tb'»y  do  today.  The  ancient  Greeks, 
Romans,  Hindus,  Egyptian,  Japanese  and  other  peoples, 
would  never  have  preserved  the  thought  for  more  than 
4000  years  that  an  old  heaven  passed  away — that  new 
heavens  came  to  view;  that  the  sun,  moon  and  stars  were 
hidden  by  a  water  heaven,  if  the  earth  never  had  rings, 
and  canopies,  the  wreck  of  rings.  For  this  reason  I  say 
the  Annular  System  is  not  "founded  on  mythology," 


64 


ALASKA. 


but  that  mythology  is  founded  on  the  Annular  System. 

This  continual  practice  of  going  "wrong  end  fore- 
most" and  forever  in  the  same  old  "rut"  will  bring  le- 
gitimate fruits,  as  it  has  in  the  past,  and  I  certainly  would 
omit  a  duty  if  I  failed  to  put  the  reader  in  a  way  to  learn 
all  he  can  about  the  great  problem  of  Annular  Evolu- 
tion. I  will  be  pardoned,  then,  if  in  these  last  pages  of 
this  volume  I  devote  some  space  to  the  character  of  some 
of  the  books  that  have  been  published  in  an  effort  to  sup- 
port this  growing  theme. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  I  have  no  more  copies  of  the  Earth's 
Annular  System  for  sale.  I  have  revised,  and  enlarged  it 
to  the  extent  of  two  chanfr-'-s,  ar.d  the  second  edition  will 
contain  nearly  500  pages.  J  .ave  never  been  able  to  get 
book  publishers  and  dealers  to  take  any  commercial  risk 
in  its  publication  and  sale,  and  I  am  thus  forced  to  pub- 
lish it  myself.  And  just  as  in  the  publication  of  the  first 
edition,  I  must  secure  enough  subscribers  before  making 
the  venture,  to  secure  me  against  financial  loss.  Sub- 
scriptions are  coming  in  slowly,  but  fast  enough  to  show 
that  it  must  be  republished  in  the  near  future.  The  old 
edition  was  a  book,  cloth  bound,  5x7  inches,  and  sold  for 
two  dollars,  by  mail.  The  new  edition  will  be  some 
larger,  same  size  of  type  as  this  volume,  elegantly  bound 
in  two  or  more  styles  and  sold  for  the  same  price.  Per- 
sons who  want  to  learn  the  grand  and  unmistakable 
"Story  of  the  Rocks"  as  they  testify  in  behalf  of  the 
Karth's  Annular  System  and  the  reign  and  fall  of  cano- 
pies, in  the  building  of  the  earth's  crust,  the  augmenta- 
tion of  oceans,  the  birth  and  death  of  races,  and  the  great 
polar  snowfalls  that  locked  down  in  eternal  death  the 
giant  mammals  of  the  earth,  can  learn  the  lesson  and  the 
true  meaning  of  world  stages  in  that  volume.  Inviting 
the  iw  der  to  send  his  or  her  name  (but  no  money  until 
adviiied),  ordering  cne  or  more  copies  when  published, 


THE  LAND  OF  THE   NUGGET. 


66 


I  shall  be  more  than  pleased  to  record  it  and  make  pleas- 
ant acquaintances. 

The  Gods  Unveiled  is  the  title  of  the  second  volume  of 
the  Earth's  Annular  System.  I  have  spent  more  than 
ten  years  in  preparing  it  and  it  is  now  ready  for  the  press, 
but  awaiting  looo  names  as  in  the  above  volume,  same 
type  and  style  and  size  of  page,  over  400  pages,  price  $2. 
The  reader  may  not  admire  the  title,  but  when  he  shall 
have  finished  reading  the  book,  he  will  say  it  is  properly 
named.  It  proves,  so  far  as  the  philosophy  of  dying  his- 
tory can  prove  anything,  that  mythology  is  the  fossilized 
records  of  canopy  times.  The  rolling  canopy  is  the  key. 
The  day  must  come  when  many  a  stronger  hand  than 
mine  will  take  this  key  and  unfold  to  the  view  of  aston- 
ished humanity  more  than  a  Columbian  discovery.  As 
it  is,  I  have  presented  in  this  volume,  as  I  think,  the 
most  undoubted  proof  that  man  saw  the  pure,  clear  sky 
come  into  view  as  an  infant  heaven  hid  by  nursing  clouds 
and  fed  by  golden  bees  (stars)  after  two  ephemeral  vapor 
heavens  had  been  banished  by  the  god  of  order  and  law. 
To  one  who  is  interested  in  this  line  of  study  every  page 
of  mythology  thus  becomes  an  actual  discovery  of  some- 
thing new.  To  me  it  has  been  one  interminable  line  of 
startling  revelations.  All  this  is  because  I  certainly  have 
found  the  key  that  unlocks  this  g^and  storehouse  of  prim- 
itive thought.  Mythology  is  fossilized  history,  and  I  aver, 
knowing  what  I  say,  that  every  phase  of  it  has  a  meaning 
that  the  Annular  Theory  only  can  interpret.  A  myth 
once  explained  is  no  longer  a  myth,  and  as  it  is  the  prov- 
ince of  the  annular  student  to  explain  them,  he  is  by  that 
act  converting  myth  into  golden  truth. 

This  may  seem  like  large  talk  and  strong  language, 
but  I  have  pushed  this  thought  far  enough  into  the  mid- 
night wilds  of  antiquity  to  be  conscious  of  the  fact  that 
the  grandest  canopy  processes  startled  the  early  races  and 


66 


ALASJiTA. 


left  in  the  head  and  heart  of  humanity  an  impress  that 
started  undying  echoes  down  the  ages.  The  imagery  of 
canopy  scenes— relestfal  wars  between  dragon  enemies 
and  solar  warriors,  la  ambered  in  the  very  words,  acts 
and  religions  of  mankind,  as  the  image  of  a  star  is  pho- 
tographed on  the  astronomer's  chart.  Seeing  these 
things  as  I  do,  I  feel  that  I  can  do  nothing  less  than  de- 
sire the  student  to  partake  of  what  has  been  to  me  a  con- 
tinual feast. 

Eden's  Flaming  Sword —  What  Was  Itf  In  this  pam- 
phlet of  48  pages  I  have  shown  that  the  God  of  nature 
has  irretrievably  closed  Eden's  gate  to  man  by  the  can- 
opy's march  to  the  polar  north.  In  the  day  of  Eden's 
immunities  a  canopy  growing  thin  revealed  a  flaming 
sun  on  high,  surrounded  by  a  flaming  halo,  "a  sword 
that  turned  every  way."  I  have  shown  how  the  Hebrew 
cherubim  were  the  same  as  the  Assyrian  "kerubi,"  now 
known  as  sun-guards  by  eastern  scholars.  This  links 
the  Trees  of  Life  and  Knowledge  with  canopy  scenes  and 
gives  them  their  first  philosophic  explanation. 

Thus  while  everyone  must  admit  a  physical  Eden 
under  physical  conditions,  with  its  two  "trees"  actual 
physical  features  on  the  canopy,  the  chaages  wrought  in 
connection  with  man's  expulsion  were  plainly  an  inevi- 
table repetition  of  those  telluric  transformations  chron- 
icled in  the  geologic  column.  I  think  I  have  shown  very 
plainly  what  the  mysteries  of  Eden  were.  The  "serpent" 
receives  in  this  volume  its  first  and  only  philosophic  ex- 
planation, while  its  typical  signification  is  made  clear. 
Here  is  a  fruitful  field  of  thought,  which  no  minister, 
teacher  or  student  should  neglect.     Price  by  mail,  25c. 

The  Coal  Probletn^  44  pages,  pamplet.  Price,  25c. 
Here  are  some  of  the  subjects  on  which  it  treats:  A 
Smoking  World.  Peat  Bog  Fuel.  Planetary  Belts.  Car- 
bon Belts.    Jupiter's  Oceans.     Coal  Beds.     Graphite  Car- 


THE  LAND  OF  THE  NUGGET. 


67 


bon  Beds  in  Snow  and  Ice.  Fossil  Vegetation  in  Coal, 
Oscillation  of  Sea  and  Land.  Coal  an  Aqueous  Deposit, 
Equatorial  Coals.     Southern  Hemisphere  Coals,  etc.,  etc. 

The  Great  Red  Dragon  is  a  pamphlet  showing  that 
all  races  looked  to  the  vapor  heavens  as  the  home  of  the 
water  spirit^  and  that  Dragon  was  that  spirit's  name.  The 
The  evidence  on  this  point  is  conclusive  beyond  a  doubt. 
And  when  we  read  of  a  "war  in  heaven,"  in  which  the 
dragon  was  vanquished  and  cast  down  to  the  earth,  we 
may  rest  assured  that  we  have  a  record  of  the  solar  forces 
in  conflict  with  vapor  foes.  I  have,  I  think,  made  this 
fact  very  plain.  I  have  but  few  copies  of  this  book  left. 
It  has  been  revised  and  enlarged  to  40  pages.  It  has 
been  more  sought  for  than  any  other  pamphlet,  and  the 
new  edition  will  be  issued  in  the  near  future.  I  com- 
mend this  volume  to  the  thoughtful  attention  of  all.  In 
connection  with  this  monograph  is  the  enlarged  picture 
of  the  "Serpent  Tablet"  found  in  one  of  the  "cliff  dwell- 
ings" of  Southern  Colorado.  This  tablet  is  the  only 
specimen  of  hieroglyphs  ever  found  in  those  ancient 
dwellings,  and  it  is  most  valuable  because  it  shows  that 
the  cliff  dwellers  had  a  system  of  hieroglyphic  in  writing, 
and  because  it  shows  that  those  people  saw  the  march  of 
canopy  vapors  from  the  equator  to  the  poles.  The  tablet  is 
simply  a  stone  volume.  The  author  of  these  pages  has, 
as  he  thinks,  given  its  only  interpretation,  which  will  be 
published  in  the  second  edition  of  the  Great  Red  Dragon, 
with  an  enlarged  picture  of  the  original,  sold  together  for 
35c,  or  each  (pamphlet  and  picture  separately)  for  25c. 

The  Deluge  and  its  Cause — Here  is  one  more  little 
volume  I  will  call  the  reader's  attention  to,  the  first  the 
author  of  this  theory  ventured  to  inflidl  upon  the  public. 
It  may  be  the  first  ever  published  on  this  subjedl. 
Whether  this  be  so  or  not,  I  have  no  little  pride  in  parad- 
ing it  as  a  memorial — the  conception,  in  great  part,  of  a 


68 


ALASKA. 


young  brain  curious  to  look  at  the  ''other  side'^  of  things. 
Published  in  1874,  it  contained  at  that  early  day  the 
groundwork  of  the  Annular  Theory,  in  which  the  polar 
trend  of  canopies,  laden  with  metallic  exhalations,  is  set 
forth  as  one  of  the  chief  agents  in  efFedling  geologic 
changes.  I  have  resolved  never  to  revise  it,  save  to  elim- 
inate a  few  typographical  errors,  so  that  all  editions  have 
and  will  be  the  same  identical  book  so  far  as  it  can  be, 
even  to  type,  size,  color  of  cover,  etc.,  as  published  when 
tremblingly  I  sent  it  forth.  Its  fate  and  the  immediate 
fate  of  its  author  for  publishing  it,  need  not  now  be  told 
— a  monograph  of  twenty  pages  sold,  as  a  curiosity,  for 
ten  cents. 

To  keep  this  theory  in  view  the  author  has  cham- 
pioned it  in  season  and  out  of  season,  and  the  reader  may 
be  surprised  to  learn  that  the  efforts  made  have  cost  more 
in  a(5lual  outlay  of  money  than  has  been  received  in  cash 
returns;  but  such  is  a  fadl,  and  such  it  may  always  be — a 
serious  drawback  to  the  growth  of  Annular  Truth. 

All  these  publications  are  designed  to  put  the  various 
phases  of  the  Annular  Theory  before  the  reader.  The 
end  is  not  yet.  The  day  is  at  hand  when  men,  who  are 
abundantly  more  competent  than  the  author  of  this  the- 
ory, will  conclusively  show  that  all  ancient  scriptures 
must  be  explained  according  to  Annular  World  Evolu- 
tion, 


w^^ 


*^^^p 


'Uh. 


.»■;,;".'«';■, 


Each  of  tl^e  fbllbWit%  jyilblk^ 
in  fkvor  of  Annular  World-making, '  >  > 


*  » 


i   TPhe  Earth's ABnularSysft^ 

5xi^  iiu?he8,by  mail'$2.  .    ' .r.^ >'--■' --T  '^.-:^'^')-' ::'-fJ 
(Now  revised  and  eniar|;ed,  and,  awaitiagsiibscribere 
|6r  neW  edition.)   .  *      i         >• 


2i   The  True  Origin  of  Gbal.— Pamplet  44  P^S^ 
3.    Eden'8  Flamlug  S^qra—Famplilet  48  pages, 

4i    Eden's  Golden  Cross  and  Ciwn^About  40 
pages,  ^c.     (Awaiting  aoo  sul?sbriber^4 

B.   The  Deluge  and  Its 

6.    The  A^nniilat  Worl4,— Monthly,  20  pages,  loc. 

t;    True  Origin  of  Oil  and  Gas.— Leafletf  leAute, 

;■;■;■■■'•,'   '  v-      -IOC*'  ,  !•> 

0.-^Leaflet 


4;' 


JB.    The  Waters  Above  the 

t^'A  '  ' .  le^ure,  5c. '  ^  :••';  :.:.^^:' -■;'■':"*■' 

^,    The  Great  Red  Dragour^jo  pages,'45c. 

jiU      /;(But  few  copies  lef^    Will  fee  rtpublished.) 

Nos.  I  and  2  are  chiefly  geological.  K6s.  3  and 
4  are  biblical  and  legendary.  No.  5  is  the  first  6ssay 
on  the  Annular  Theory,  published  first  in  io74-  ^* 
6  largely  mythological  facts,  Nos.  7  and  3  are  lea- 
nres  delivered  in  Ohio  in  1886.  No.  9  proves  the 
world-serpent  of  all  people  to  have  been  the  spirit  of 
celestial  waters.  The  ivhole  list  of  single  copies  (ex- 
cluding No.  t)  can  be  had  for  $1.25. 

-.\  :7'V  ,  I.  N.  Vail,,.' ';:.'::  . 
Pasadena,  Cal. 


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